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Answer
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Because Congress would not ratify the Treaty of Versailles, which formally ended WWI hostilities, it was necessary for him to sign individual treaties with Germany, Austria and Hungary in 1921 … without the U.S. joining the League of Nations.
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Warren G. Harding
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Colorado (1876) was admitted to the Union during his presidency.
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Ulysses S. Grant
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The 21st President of the United States (1881-1885).
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Chester A. Arthur
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The 23rd President of the United States (1889-1893).
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Benjamin Harrison
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Became the first President to use federal troops to break a strike against a private company during the Great Railroad Strike of 1877.
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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Under pressure from Congress, dropped his push to restore Queen Liliuokalani to the throne of Hawai’i and established diplomatic relations with the government of Sanford B. Dole (the Dole pineapple guy).
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Grover Cleveland
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Was instrumental in establishing the League of Nations — the first worldwide intergovernmental organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.
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Woodrow Wilson
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During his presidency, Congress voted to declare war against Spain (1898) after the U.S.S. Maine was blown up by an underwater mine in Havana Harbor, where it had been sent to protect U.S. interests during the Cuban War of Independence.
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William McKinley
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His administration ended the Spanish-American War in 1899 with the Treaty of Paris, by which Spain relinquished its claims on Cuba and the U.S. paid $20 million to annex Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines.
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William McKinley
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Investigated and prosecuted corruption in the Indian Service, General Land Office and Post Office Department.
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Theodore Roosevelt
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Attempted to reform the civil service to a merit-based system, but was foiled by a Congress whose members preferred to retain the spoils system that supported cronyism and nepotism.
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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Upon discovery of a tumor in his mouth, a secret surgery was performed in 1893, during which parts of his upper left jaw and hard palate were removed.
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Grover Cleveland
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The 19th President of the United States (1877-1881).
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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His Secretary of the Interior, Lucius Q. C. Lamar, caused railroads to forfeit about 81 million acres of land for failing to extend their rail lines according to agreements with the government.
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Grover Cleveland
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Advocated in 1881 for strengthening the Navy, which had shrunk from 700 vessels during the Civil War to 52, most of which were obsolete.
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Chester A. Arthur
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The 29th President of the United States (1921-1923).
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Warren G. Harding
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In his inaugural address (1869), he urged ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment and called for “proper treatment” of Native Americans.
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Ulysses S. Grant
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His administration created the Department of Justice (1870), which allowed Attorney General Amos T. Ackerman to vigorously prosecute the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction.
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Ulysses S. Grant
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During his presidency, the U.S. military massacred over 250 Lakota at the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota (1890).
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Benjamin Harrison
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Utah (1896) was admitted to the Union during his presidency.
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Grover Cleveland
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