Hint
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Answer
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Edict of Cyrus
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Allowed Judean exiles to return under Zeurbabel, Ezra-Nehemiah
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Masoretic Text (MT)
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Authoritative Hebrew and Aramaic text of the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible
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Chaoskampf
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"Chaos battle," major theme of Psalms YHWH's defeat of primordial foes
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Instructions of Amenemope
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Egyptian text with thematic similarities to Proverbs
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Ha-Satan
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the accuser/adversary from Job (not a proper name)
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Qoheleth
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the teacher, one who speaks in the assembly
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Hevel
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breath/smoke/vapor, translated as "vanity" in the sense of worthless/pointless
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Acrostic
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the kind of poetry found in Psalms, Proverbs, Lamentations
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Wasf
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poetic genre from Egypt, ANE, medieval Arabia
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Two books, no God
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Esther; Song of Songs
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Ninth of Av
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holiday commemorating destruction of first and second temple, Lamentations is read
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Hint
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Answer
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Ahasuerus
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Assumed to be Xerxes I (486-465 BCE) of Persia
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Purim
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Festival celebrating defeat of Haman
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Moab
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Across the Dead Sea from Judah; similar archaeology, language. Ruth is a Moabite. Negative views of Moabites from Genesis, Numbers, Deuteronomy.
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1 Esdras
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Evidence of larger textual tradition, our canonical book is one version of several Ezra-related material
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4 Ezra
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More evidence of larger textual tradition: Greek 2 Esdras with 5 and 6 Ezra
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Apocalypse
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literary genre found in Daniel with these features: revelation mediated by angel, secret knowledge about end times, elaborate visions, pseudoepigraphic
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Apocalyptic worldview
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eschatology (concern with the end-times), determinism (God is in control), Dualism (cosmic and earthly battle between good and evil), afterlife (reward or punishment after death)
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Seleucids
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Empire based in Babylon, six wars between Ptolemies and Seleucids (274-163 BCE), they take control of Judea c. 200 BCE
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Ptolemies
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Empire based in Egypt, ruled Judea 305-198 BCE before Seleucids took control
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Antiochus IV
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Antiochus Epiphanes "made-manifest," Seleucid king who prohibited Jewish customs/worship in 167 BCE. Maccabean revolt was against him.
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