'Infer from current trends' is definately 'extrapolate'...but 'expect' could also be an example of an extra solution. I suppose it isn't exact, but extrapolate isn't explicitly the only exclusive answer. There may be others, except i don't want to exhaust all examples.
The correct word is “Extract” which can be a verb or a noun. The quiz should definitely accept that. Also, in English, a proponent is someone who supports or advocates an idea. I had never heard of the mathematical variety.
This is probably annoyingly picky, but an extrovert isn't technically outgoing though the association is common enough that no change should be made. But, I'd recommend something more like, "A person who is energized by being around people."
"Being energized" is a meaningless concept, and your "definition" is from a specific pile of pop psychological pseudoscience. The commonly accepted definition of the English word is closer to the clue as written; it's fine as-is.