Coldest freezing city above 1 million by country in Europe

Only 1 city per country (the coldest urban area above 1 million with an average low temperature in January below freezing)

Most commonly accepted Eastern border (Bosphorus-Caucasus-Ural). Only the European part of trancontinental countries is considered

Population of the urban area, not the metropolitan area. If a city is not included it means that it's either too warm or too small for this list. Some countries don't have any freezing major city