Cities: new nationality, new name

The history of mediaeval and modern contintental Europe is a story of constantly-changing borders. People might go to sleep in one country and wake up in another. Some people, if they lived long enough, might change nationality half a dozen times during their life without ever moving house.

The list on the left shows a former name of some (mostly) well-known European towns and cities at a time when they belonged to a different country to their current one. Can you give the modern name, as normally used in English, for each one?

Some of these names are still in common use, so if you're from one of the countries in question then you may have an advantage.
There is one city which appears twice.
Cities are given in no particular order except that I have tried to put them in a rough order of difficulty. Almost all towns and cities are either politically or historically important - or, of course, both.