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1.
Betelgeuse
Betelgeuse is the "left" shoulder of the hunter Orion.
2.
Polaris
Polaris is the main star of the "little dipper" Ursa minor and marks the North Pole.
3.
Sirius
Sirius is the "dog star" in the "greater dog" and the brightest star of the night sky.
4.
Antares
The main star of Scorpius, Antares is bright red. His name means "Anti-Mars."
5.
Vega
The main star of the lyre.
6.
Sun
Any constellation on the ecliptic
✓
One of the 12 signs of the zodiac
✓
Any constellation on the celestial equator
✓
The signs of the zodiac would have been the correct answer 2000 years ago.
7.
Castor and Pollux
Castor and Pollux were twins in Roman mythology. "Twins" is "Gemini" in Latin.
9.
Deneb
One of the most luminous stars, Deneb marks the tail of the swan (cygnus).
11.
Mizar and Alcor
If you can't separate these two stars in the Big Dipper, you need glasses.
12.
Proxima C****
Proxima Centauri is the closest star to us.