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Life
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Nationality
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Mathematical studies / Known for
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Namesake of
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Answer
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c. 570 BC - c. 495 BC
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Greek
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Namesake theorem about right triangles, five regular solids, theory of proportions
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Theorem, Tuning
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Pythagoras of Samos
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fl. 300 BC
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Greek
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Father of geometry who wrote the Elements
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Geometry, Algorithm
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Euclid
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c.287 BC - c. 212 BC
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Greek
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Approximation of pi, infinitesimals, method of exhaustion for rigorous proofs, area of a circle, surface area and volume of a sphere, area of ellipse, area of a paraboloid, area of a spiral
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Principle, Infinitesimal, Spiral
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Archimedes
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c. 10 AD - 70 AD
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Greek
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Iterative method for calculating square root, formula for finding area of triangle from its side lengths, shortest path algorithm
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Formula
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Hero of Alexandria
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c. 1170 - c. 1240-50
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Italian
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Author of Liber Abaci, namesake of sequence beginning 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ...
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Numbers/Sequence, Search Technique, Heap, Cubes
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Fibonacci
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1596 - 1650
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French
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Author of La Géométrie, father of analytical geometry
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Rule of Signs, plane, folium
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René Descartes
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1600s - 1700s
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Swiss
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Large family of mathematicians including Jacob, namesake of Numbers, Johann, who contributed to calculus, and Nicholas, who orginated the St. Petersburg paradox
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Numbers, Differential Equation, Distribution
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Bernoulli family
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1607 - 1665
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French
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Number theory, analyticc geometry, probability theory, adequality, method of finding the greatest and smallest ordinates of curved lines
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Little Theorem, Last Theorem
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Pierre de Fermat
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1623 - 1662
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French
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Namesake triangle of binomial coefficients
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Triangle, Theorem, Wager
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Blaise Pascal
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1642 - 1727
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English
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Principia Mathematica, calculus, power series, generalization of binomial theorem, method for approximating roots of a funciton
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Method
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Isaac Newton
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1646 - 1716
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German
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Differential and integral calculus, binary number system, linear equations,
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Notation, Integral Rule, Product rule of differential callculus,
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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
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1685 - 1731
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English
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Namesake of infinite sum of terms that are expressed in terms of a function's derivatives at a single point to approximate the function
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Series, Theorem
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Brook Taylor
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1698 - 1746
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Scottish
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Developed a special case of (above)'s namesake series centered about 0
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Series
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Colin Maclaurin
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c. 1701 - 1761
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English
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Namesake of theorem describing the probability of an event given the probability of another event that is super important for statistics
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Theorem/Rule/Law, Statistics, Probability
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Thomas Bayes
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1707 - 1783
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Swiss
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Infinitesimal calculas, graph theory (Seven Bridges of Königsberg), topology, analytic number theory, power series
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Formula, Identity, -Lagrange Equation, Product Formula, -Lotka Equation, e
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Leonhard Euler
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1749 - 1827
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French
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Wrote Celestial Mechanics, developed _____ian probability, namesake of integral transform for solving differential equations, namesake of a second-order partial differential equation
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Method, Equation, Transform, Differential Operator, Transform, Equation
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Pierre-Simon Laplace
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1768 - 1830
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French
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Namesake periodic functions and namesake transform
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Series, Analysis, Transform
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Joseph Fourier
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1777 - 1855
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German
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Proved ________'s Rule of signs, ______'s Last theorem for n=5, introduced ≡ symbol, binary and ternary quadratic forms, class number problem,
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the normal distribution, Logarithms, Function
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Carl Friedrich Gauss
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1781 - 1840
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French
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Namesake of discrete probability distribution expressing the probability of a given number of events occurring in a fixed interval
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Distribution, Point process, Bracket, Kernel
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Siméon Poisson
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1804 - 1851
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German
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Elliptic functions, differential equations, determinants, number theory, namesake matrix of all first-order partial derivatives of a vector-value function
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Matrix and Determinant, Symbol, Ellipsoid, Polynomials, Transform, Identity, Operator
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Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi
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1826 - 1866
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German
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Prime-counting function (development of analytic number theory), differential geometry, work on Fourier series
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Integral, Surfaces, Hypothesis, Zeta Function
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Bernhard Riemann
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1845 - 1918
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German
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Created set theory
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Set
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Georg Cantor
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1854 - 1912
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French
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Founder of topology and modern chaos theory, three-body problem, namesake Conjecture solved by Grigori Perelman
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Conjecture, Disk Model, Inequality, Series, Metric, Group
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Henri Poincaré
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1862 - 1943
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German
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Solved Gordan's Problem, worked in invariant theory, calculus of variations, commutative algebra, etc.; Developed collection of namesake problems
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Basis theorem, Axioms, Problems, Program, Space, Paradox of the Grand Hotel
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David Hilbert
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1877 - 1947
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British
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Collaborator of (below), worked in number theory and mathematical analysis, wrote A Mathematician's Apology, big-O notation
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-Weinberg principle, -Littlewood Inequality, -Littlewood Circle Method, Theorem, Inequality
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G. H. Hardy
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1887 - 1920
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Indian
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Mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series, continued fractions, partition formulae
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Prime, Theta Function, "Lost Notebook", Landau- constant
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Srinivasa Ramanujan
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1906 - 1978
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Austrian
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Logician
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Incompleteness Theorems
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Kurt Gödel
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1913 - 1996
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Hungarian
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Developoment of Ramsey theory, proof for Bertrand's postulate, elmentary proof for the prime number theorem; Offered cash prizes for solutions to unresolved prizes.
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"Number" ("collaborative distance" between himself and another person"), Space
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Paul Erdős
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1924 - 2010
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Polish-born French & American
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Fractal geometry
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Set
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Benoit Mandelbrot
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b. 1953
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British
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Specializes in number theory, known for proving the Taniyama-Shimura Conjecture, thereby proving the Last Theorem named for one of the above
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-
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Andrew Wiles
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