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Period from 14,000-300 BCE, named for its "rope-patterned" pottery
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Jōmon
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Period from 300 BCE-300 CE, named for a neighborhood in Tokyo where artifacts of the period were first discovered
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Yayoi
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Grain that became a staple of the Japanese diet during the above period
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Rice
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Queen of the Kingdom of Yamatai mentioned in the Chinese Book of Wei
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Himiko or Pimiko
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Period from 300-538 CE, named for its distinctive tombs
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Kofun
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Shape of the tombs that gave the above period its name
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Keyhole
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Name of the clan that rose to power in this period and eventually became the imperial family. Also a poetic way to refer to Japan in general.
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Yamato
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Religion "officially" introduced to Japan in 552
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Buddhism
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Period from 710-794. Also the name of Japan's first permanent capital
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Nara
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Famous early 8th century history of Japan and the imperial family (NOTE: there are two. Name either one.)
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Kojiki or Nihon shoki
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Temple in the capital where a giant Buddha statue was completed in 752. Also formerly the world's largest wooden building.
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Tōdai-ji
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Period from 794-1185. Also the former name of Kyoto.
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Heian
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Most dominant clan in the politics of the above period, frequently acting as regents to emperors
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Fujiwara
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Published in the early 10th century, this was the first of 21 imperial poetry anthologies
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Kokinshū
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Written in the early 11th century, this work is sometimes considered the world's first novel
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The Tale of Genji
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War that brought an end to the above period
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Genpei War
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"Eastern" clan in this war (they won!)
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Minamoto
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"Western" clan in this war (they . . . didn't so much win)
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Taira
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Period from 1185-1333, named for the new shogunal capital
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Kamakura
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The first shogun
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Minamoto no Yoritomo
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Sect of Buddhism introduced to Japan in 1227
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Zen
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Japanese for "divine wind," this term refers to two fortuitous typhoons that helped to drive away the Mongol invasions in 1274 and 1281
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Kamikaze
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Period from 1336-1573, named for an area in Kyoto where the new shogunate's capital was established (or, alternatively, for the new shogunal clan)
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Muromachi or Ashikaga
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The first shogun of the above period
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Ashikaga Takauji
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Theatrical style that rose to prominence in the above period, known for its slow pacing and dream-heavy plots
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Noh
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Term for the latter half of the above period, when the shogunate had lost control over the provinces and regional warlords battled for supremacy
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Warring States Period
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Sailors from this country are the first Europeans to visit Japan, first arriving in the 16th century
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Portugal
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Period from 1573-1603, named for two significant castles
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Azuchi-Momoyama
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First used extensively at the Battle of Anegawa in 1570, this invention brought from Europe changed the face of war in Japan
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Firearms
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The first "unifier" of Japan, died in 1582
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Oda Nobunaga
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The second "unifier" of Japan, died in 1598
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Toyotomi Hideyoshi
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The third "unifier" of Japan, appointed shogun in 1603
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Tokugawa Ieyasu
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Battle in 1600 at which the third unifier claimed decisive victory over his enemies
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Battle of Sekigahara
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Period from 1603-1868, named for the new shogunal capital and former name of Tokyo (or, alternatively, for the new shogunal clan)
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Edo or Tokugawa
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Religion that was banned early in the above period
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Christianity
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For much of the above period, this was the only European country allowed to trade with Japan
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Netherlands
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This was the only city where ships of that country were allowed to enter Japan
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Nagasaki
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Group of ruling warriors that were the highest of the "four classes" of society in the above period
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Samurai
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Theatrical style that rose to prominence in the above period, known for its dramatic poses and for male actors playing female roles
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Kabuki
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Theatrical style that rose to prominence in the above period, known for its near-life-size puppets
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Bunraku
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U.S. commodore who forced Japan to open up to the west
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Matthew Perry
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Nickname of the fleet of modern warships he took to the capital
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"The Black Ships"
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