A Level Biology - Biological Molecules 2.2

Definition

Keyword

Reaction that occurs when two molecules are joined together with the removal of water

A weak interaction that can occur wherever molecules contain a slightly negatively charged atom bonded to a slightly positively charged hydrogen atom

Reaction that occurs when a molecule is split into two smaller molecules with the addition of water

A small molecule which binds to many other identical molecules to form a polymer

A large molecule made from many smaller molecules called monomers

A group of molecules containing C, H and O

A bond formed between two monosaccharides by a hydrolysis reaction

A group of substances that are soluble in alcohol rather than water. They include triglycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids and cholesterol

A very large, organic molecule

Molecule consisting of glycerol, two fatty acids and one phosphate group

Definition

Keyword

Monomers of all proteins, and all amino acids have the same basic structure

A bond formed when two amino acids are joined by a condensation reaction

The sequence of amino acids found in a molecule

The coiling or folding of an amino acid chain, which arises often as a result of hydrogen bond formation between different parts of the chain. For example, alpha helixes and beta pleated sheet

The overall three-dimensional shape of a protein molecule. Its shape arises due to interactions including hydrogen bonding, disulfide bridges, ionic bonds and hydrophobic interactions

Protein structure where protein consists of more than one polypeptide chain. For example, insulin

Has a relatively long, thin structure, is insoluble in water and metabolically inactive, often having a structural role within an organism

Has molecules of a relatively spherical shape, which are soluble in water, and often have metabolic roles within the organism

A non-protein component that forms a permanent part of a functioning protein molecule