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I swear to fulfill,
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to the best of my ability
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and judgment,
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this covenant:
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I will respect the hard-won scientific gains
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of those physicians in whose steps I walk,
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and gladly share such knowledge as is mine
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with those who are to follow.
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I will apply,
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for the benefit of the sick,
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all measures which are required,
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avoiding those twin traps
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of overtreatment
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and therapeutic nihilism.
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I will remember that there is art to medicine
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as well as science,
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and that warmth, sympathy,
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and understanding may outweigh
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the surgeon's knife
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or the chemist's drug.
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I will not be ashamed to say "I know not,"
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nor will I fail to call in my colleagues
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when the skills of another are needed
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for a patient's recovery.
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I will respect
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the privacy of my patients,
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for their problems are not disclosed to me
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that the world may know.
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Most especially must I tread with care
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in matters of life and death.
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If it is given me to save a life, all thanks.
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But it may also be within my power to take a life;
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this awesome responsibility
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must be faced with great humbleness
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and awareness
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of my own frailty.
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Above all, I must not play at God.
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I will remember that I do not treat a fever chart,
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a cancerous growth,
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but a sick human being,
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whose illness may affect the person's family
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and economic stability.
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My responsibility includes these related problems,
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if I am to care adequately for the sick.
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I will prevent disease whenever I can,
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for prevention is preferable to cure.
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I will remember that I remain
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a member of society,
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with special obligations
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to all my fellow human beings,
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those sound of mind and body
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as well as the infirm.
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If I do not violate this oath,
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may I enjoy life and art,
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respected while I live
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and remembered with affection thereafter.
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May I always act so as to preserve
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the finest traditions of my calling
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and may I long experience
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the joy of healing those
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who seek my help.
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