Throughout written history, Asia has been by far the most populous continent. However, explosive growth in Africa may change that by the end of the 21st century.
I have added more population points!
Source: Worldometers, Statista. Take this with a grain of salt!
Checkout QM's original, with a logarithmic scale.
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Year Asia Europe Americas Africa Oceania
1500 294000000 78000000 20000000 47000000 505000 1600 379000000 112000000 11000000 55000000 579000 1700 402000000 127000000 13000000 61000000 651000 1820 710000000 224000000 33000000 74000000 1913 981000000 498000000 186000000 125000000 1950 1394018000 549089000 340459000 228902000 1955 1549041895 576678796 252748903 14392715 1960 1705041051 605406980 283361209 16021645 1965 1894974284 634783204 320147257 17768715 1970 2142480330 656919379 363447518 19922256 1975 2401171440 676895467 414674688 21710314 1980 2649578300 693566517 476386273 23212096 1985 2921173176 707584266 548626148 25151042 1990 3226098962 720858450 630349639 27298690 1995 3493086983 726994464 717270078 29389647 2000 3714470000 726407000 840614000 814063000 31425103 2005 3977986502 729287846 916154288 33690208 2010 4209593693 736412989 1039304033 36873081 2015 4433475358 743059035 1182438784 39858746 2020 4641054000 747636000 1022832000 1340598000 42677813 2025 4822629455 745791325 1508935218 45334504 2030 4974091861 741302530 1688321099 47918975 2035 5096362035 735101276 1878193685 50420849 2040 5188948607 727810571 2076749529 52813616 2045 5253195095 719668897 2281452464 55129639 2050 5290000000 710000000 1190000000 2490000000 57376367 2100 4719420000 629560000 1132040000 4280130000 68660000