The Crusades

Timespan of Crusade

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Crusade

1096-1099

Fatimid Dynasty & the Seljuk Turks

The beginning of the crusades. Kingdom of Jerusalem is established.

1096

Sultanate of Rum

peasants inspired to join the crusade set off for the holy land themselves. Ends in disaster.

1101

Sultanate of Rum

Offered as an opportunity for those who didn't participate in the first crusade to redeem themselves. Ended in defeat

1147-1150

Seljuk Turks, Abbasid Caliphate, Almoravid Dynasty, Obotritian Confederacy

A three-front crusade against the Caliphate in the East, the Berbers in the west, and the pagans in the North. Mixed results.

1189-1192

Ayyubid Dynasty, Sultanate of Rum

Retaliation to the Ayyubid ruler Saladin's conquest of Jerusalem. Semi-Victory.

1198-1290

Slavic Pagans in the Baltic region

Christianization of Slavic pagans in Europe.

1202-1204

Byzantine Empire

First crusade against a Christian target. Destruction of the Orthodox Byzantine Empire and founding of the Catholic Latin Empire.

1209-1229

Cathar heretics in Europe.

Crusade against Catholic Heresies in Europe.

1212

(Enemy never encountered)

A young boy in France has a vision that he will reconquer the holy land. His followers set off for the holy land via boat but get shipwrecked in a storm.

1217-1221

Ayyubid Dynasty

An attempt to capture the Ayyubid capital city of Cairo. Resulted in an 8-year truce.

Timespan of Crusade

Target

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Crusade

1228-1229

Ayyubid Dynasty

End of 8 year truce. Resulted in victory and the recapture of Jerusalem.

1239-1241

Ayyubid Dynasty

Crusade led by Spanish & English rulers. Resulted in victory and expanded Jerusalem to its largest size since the first crusade

1248-1252

Ayyubid Dynasty

Response to the final conquest of Jerusalem. resulted in defeat.

1270

Hafsid Dynasty

Crusade against the Muslims in North Africa.

1309

Jews in Europe

On the way to the holy land, this crusades lower class participants looted and burned Jewish communities. They never reached the holy land and the crusaders dispersed.

1320

Jews in Europe

French sheep herders organized to help with the Iberian Reconquista. Resulted in the murder of hundreds of French and Spanish Jews.

1340

Waldensian Heretics

Crusade against heretics that took place in what is now the Czech Republic

1419-1434

Hussite Heretics

A series of wars fought between the followers of Jan Hus and the Catholic Church.

1366-1481

Ottoman Empire

Four crusades meant to combat the "eastern menace" that replaced the Byantine Empire.