Question
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Answer
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In what year did the 7 Year’s War end?
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1763
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What was the yearly debt bill for Britain after the 7 Year’s War? (In pounds)
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8 Million
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What sum did Britain gain through taxation per year? (In pounds)
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4.4 Million
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What was the cost per year of administering the American Colonies by 1770? (In pounds)
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350,000
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When were the Townshend duties passed?
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1767
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What did the Americans do in response to the Townshend Duties?
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Boycott of British goods
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What sum did Britain hope to raise with the Townshend duties per year? (In pounds)
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40,000
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Name three things taxed by the Townshend Duties
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Lead, paint and china
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How many people died in the Boston Massacre of 1770?
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5
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Name the first victim of the Boston Massacre.
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Crispus Atticus
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When were the Townshend Duties repealed?
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1770
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When was the Declaratory Act?
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1776
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What did the Declaratory Act do?
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British could tax the colonies when and where they pleased
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When was the Tea Act?
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1773
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How many members of the Sons of Liberty took part in the Boston Tea Party?
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60
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Which three ships were involved in the incident in Boston?
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Dartmouth, Eleanor, Beaver
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How many chests of Tea were thrown into Boston harbour?
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432
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How much was the tea worth, sunk in the Boston Tea Party? (In pounds)
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10,000
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Which company had been given monopoly over trading Tea in America?
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East India Trading Company
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Name the body set up to provide a means of communication between the different colonies.
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Committees of Correspondence
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Who organised this body?
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Sam Adams
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Name the last civilian Governor of Boston?
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Thomas Hutchinson
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What replaced the above Governor?
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Military government under general Gage
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In what year were the Coercive Acts passed?
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1774
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Key feature of the Coercive Acts.
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Closure of Boston harbor until the tea is paid for
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Key feature of the Coercive Acts.
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Murder trials to be held in England
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Key feature of the Coercive Acts.
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Replace Hutchinson with Gage
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Key feature of the Coercive Acts.
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Quartering Acts
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What percentage of the population were loyalists in 1770, as calculated by the Patriots?
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33%
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What name did the Americans give to the Coercive Acts?
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Intolerable
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In what way did Quebec benefit from the Coercive Acts?
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Religious freedom
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Where did the Continental Congress meet in 1774?
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Philadelphia
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Who wrote Common Sense?
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Thomas Paine
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What were the main arguments in Common Sense?
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America should form its own government
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How many copies did it sell?
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12,000
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When did Britain declare all of Massechussetts to be in rebellion?
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1775
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What did the Committees of Correspondence become in 1775?
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De facto government of the USA
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What did William Pitt the Elder propose to do to solve the rebellion?
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Home government and repeal all taxes
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What happened when this proposal reached the House of Lords?
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Defeated
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In what year were the battles of Lexington and Concord?
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1775
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Who fired the first shot at Lexington Green (“the shot that was heard around the world”)?
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No one knows
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How many colonial militia-men surrounded Boston after the British retreated from Lexington?
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20 000
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Why did the patriots send the Olive Branch Petition knowing it was likely to be rejected?
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To convert Loyalists into Patriots
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When was it issued?
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1775
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What were the votes for and against the Olive Branch Petition in Britain?
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83 to 33
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Who led the conservative faction in Continental Congress (who did not want to break with Britain)?
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John Dickson
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Who was appointed leader of the Continental Army?
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George Washington
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When was the Battle of Bunker Hill?
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1775
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On what Hill did it actually take place?
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Breeds
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Who was the British commander at the Battle of Bunker Hill?
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Howe
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How many British casualties were there at Bunker Hill?
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273
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How many American casualties were there at Bunker Hill?
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88
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Who led the winter invasion of Quebec in 1775?
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Benedict Arnold
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Give the full date of the Declaration of Independence.
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July 4th 1776
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Who is identified as a tyrant in the Declaration of Independence?
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King George III
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When were the Articles of Confederation passed?
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1781
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What could Congress could do after the Articles of Confederation?
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Set weights and measures, ask for men and money, declare war, foreign and Indian policy
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What two things Congress could not do after the Articles of Confederation.
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Raise tax, no president
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Which state signed the Articles of Confederation last in 1781?
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Maryland
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How many soldiers did the British have at their disposal in 1776?
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8000, rising to 9000
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How many ships did they have?
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340
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What was Britain’s population in 1776?
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2.4 Million
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What was the main motivation of the British in 1776?
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Teach the colonists a lesson
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What logistical issues did Britain face in the war?
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Could only supply and defend the coasts, transfer across the Atlantic
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Name the strengths of Washington.
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Morale, inventive tactics, use of militia, experienced - fought in the French and Indian wars
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What happened at Valley Forge?
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More Americans died here than in all battles combined. Harsh winter, kept morale up.
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What happened on the Delaware River?
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Surprise raid on Christmas eve, crossed icy river
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What did “most” Americans believe in? (2 words)
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Glorious cause
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Which two groups did Britain have to rely on for support in the war (in terms of boots on the ground)? (2)
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Hessians and Indians
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How did Continental Congress finance the War?
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Paper money
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What was General Burgoyne’s plan?
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Cut off north by linking Lake Champlain to the Hudson, meet with Clinton
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When was the Battle of Saratoga?
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1777
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Which two British Generals failed to attend the Battle of Saratoga?
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Clinton and Howe
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Who was the American General?
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Gates
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What did Burgoyne say upon his defeat (to his American victors)?
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“The fortune of war has made me your prisoner General”
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What happened to Burgoyne and his forces (which was not the term negotiated by Gates on the battlefield)?
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All prisoners of war until 1783
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In what year did the French intervene in the Revolutionary War?
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1778
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What was the impact of the above on Britain?
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Changed defence priorities
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Name the French commanders now in America
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Rochambeau, La Fayette and Comte Charles De Grasse
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When did Spain enter the War?
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1779
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What did they do in 1781?
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Cleared the Mississippi Valley of British, sieged Gibraltar
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In 1778, 65% of the British Army was in North America. What was it by 1780?
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20%
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What percent of Britain’s Navy was present in America in the same year?
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13%
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Name the other areas Britain had to defend upon the intervention of France and Spain.
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West and East Indies, Channel, India
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How many troops did the British have in Yorktown?
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9000
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How many did the combined American and French have?
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16,000
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Which British General surrendered at Yorktown?
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Cornwallis
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In what year was the Battle of Yorktown?
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1781
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How late were reinforcements to Yorktown?
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5 Days
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What did Lord North say in response to the loss?
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Oh God it’s all over
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In what year did the British decide to seek peace?
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1783
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What territory did they still hold even after deciding to seek peace?
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Charleston and Savannah
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Who was present in the peace negotiations?
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John Jay, John Adams, Ben Franklin
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Name the outcomes of the Peace of Paris.
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US independent, border set at Mississippi, safe treatment of loyalists, fishing rights, Senegal and Goree to France, Britain keeps Quebec and Caribbean
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Give the date of the Peace of Paris.
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1783
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How much debt was Britain in at the end of the Revolutionary War?
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£232 million
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How long was it before trade patterns between Britain and the newly independent Americans restored to pre-war levels?
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5 years
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Who was King at the start and end of the Revolutionary War?
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King George III
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Sum up how the King felt about the Revolution after the event in one word.
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Regret
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