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A system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia, along which traders carried silk and other trade goods; known for spreading religions such as Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam as well as technological transfers and diseases like the Bubonic Plague
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Silk Roads
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Connected to Europe, Africa, South Asia, and China; world's richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion
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Indian Ocean Trade
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Route across the Sahara Desert; traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes and gave economic benefit for controlling desert; camels and camel saddles were crucial in the development of these trade networks; facilitated the spread of Islam
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Trans-Saharan Trade
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Chinese invention that aided navigation by showing which direction was north
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Magnetic compass
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Steering device, usually a vertical blade attached to a post at, or near, the stern of the boat
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Stern rudder
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A very large flat-bottom sailing ship produced in the Tang and Song Empires, specifically designed for long-distance commercial travel and participation in the tribute system.
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Junk Ships/Treasure Ships
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Also known as Kashi, a central trading port at which the western and the eastern Silk Road met; it is one of the westernmost cities of China, near the border with modern day Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan
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Kashgar
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During the rule of Timur Lane was the most influential capital city, a wealthy trading center known for decorated mosques and tombs; a key trading city along the Silk Roads
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Samarkand
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Legal currency issued on paper; it developed in China as a convenient alternative to metal coins; facilitated trade
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Paper money
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An inn with a central courtyard for travellers in the desert regions of Asia or North Africa; allowed caravans and their camels to rest in a protected environment, encouraging trade
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Caravanserai
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An organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance; facilitated trade and commercial growth in the 1200-1450 period
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Hanseatic League
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A thin, beautiful pottery invented in China
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Porcelain
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Seasonal wind in INdia; the winter brings hot dry weather and the summer monsoon brings rain
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Monsoon winds
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Europeans' name for the Moluccas - a chain of islands rich in cloves and nutmeg, highly valued spices often traded in the Indian Ocean trade network
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Spice Islands
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Emerged in the Middle East; sturdy enough to carry a lateen sail to cross open water; vessel of commerce and used in the Indian Ocean
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Dhow ship
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Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His extravagant pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world
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Mansa Musa
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Mali trading city that became a center of weath and learning thanks to its location in the Trans-Saharan trade networks; full of universities, libraries, and mosques
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Timbuktu
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An invention which gives camel riders more stability on the animal and its invention and basic idea travelled along the Trans-Saharan Caravan Trade Route. Invented somewhere between 500 and 100 BCE by Bedouin tribes.
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Camel saddle
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A group of travelling merchants and animals
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Caravan
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The founder of Mali empire; he crushed his enemies and won control of the gold trade routes
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Sundiata
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