Hint | Answer | % Correct |
---|---|---|
what are broad spectrum antibiotics? | antibiotics that are effective against a wide range of bacteria | 100%
|
what are bactericidal antibiotics? | antibiotics that kill the bacteria that are present | 100%
|
what are the 3 main antibiotic types (for this unit)? | beta-lactam antibiotics | 100%
|
what is an example of a common drug of each type? | penicillin, amoxicillin, etc | 100%
|
what are the common cell targets for antibiotics? | the cell wall or cell membrane | 100%
|
what are bacteriostatic antibiotics? | antibiotics that stop bacteria from reproducing and keeps them in the stationary growth phase | 86%
|
tetracycline antibiotics | 86%
| |
tetracycline, doxycycline, etc | 86%
| |
what are narrow spectrum antibiotics? | antibiotics that are effective against only a limited number of bacteria (e.g. one genus or species) | 71%
|
DNA or RNA synthesis | 71%
| |
fluoroquinolone antibiotics | 71%
| |
folic acid synthesis | 71%
| |
subtherapeutic doses or patients not finishing a course | 71%
| |
the ribosome/protein synthesis | 71%
| |
they block bacterial DNA transcription and replication by inhibiting DNA gyrase activity, which results in ‘broken’ DNA strands and therefore cell death | 71%
| |
use of broad-spectrum drugs | 71%
| |
chlamydia, urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, acne, anthrax, bubonic plague | 57%
| |
ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, etc | 57%
| |
inactivating the drug with an enzyme (e.g. beta-lactamase) | 57%
| |
what are the main factors that contribute to antimicrobial resistance? | incorrect prescribing | 57%
|
what happens to the MIC when a bacteria becomes more resistant to antibiotics? | the MIC value increases | 57%
|
they inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, which prevents aminoacyl-tRNA binding to the mRNA translation complex, blocking the translation of RNA to proteins | 57%
| |
hospital-acquired & community acquired infections (for ciprofloxacin) GI infections, urinary tract infections, bone/joint infections, respiratory tract infections, endocarditis, prostatitis, anthrax, typhoid | 43%
| |
increasing efflux pumps or decreasing membrane permeability | 43%
| |
what are the main mechanisms in which bacteria develop antimicrobial resistance? | modifying the target site | 43%
|
prophylactic use in livestock | 43%
| |
what is their mechanism of action? | they bind to the active site on penicillin binding proteins, which irreversibly inhibits PBP activity, thereby blocking the final step in transpeptidation of this layer of the cell wall, meaning the cell wall cannot be synthesized | 43%
|
what is an example of a clinic use/indication of them? | (for penicillin) strep throat, pneumonia, cellulitis, diphtheria, syphilis, gas gangrene, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, anthrax, lyme disease, rheumatic fever, some skin infections | 29%
|
what is minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)? | the lowest concentration that prevents visible growth after 24 hours incubation | 29%
|
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