Hint
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Answer
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NATURAL MORAL LAW created by
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thomas aquinas
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in which century
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13th
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four fold divisions
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eternal law, divine law, natural moral law, human law
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eternal law definition
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gods laws of creation
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divine law definition
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eternal law revealed through special revelation
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natural moral law
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natural sense of right and wrong
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discovered through?
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reason
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human law
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legal system
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human law should not contradict?
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natural moral law
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natural moral law developed from whos ideas?
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aristotle
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who developed his theory based on?
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virtue
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and viewed human purpose as?
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eudaimonia
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but aquinas and natural moral law view human purpose as?
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fellowship with god
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our telos on earth is ?
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human flourishing
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but the telos of all humanity is?
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beatific vision
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which can only be achieved?
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in the afterlife
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quote about human telos and happiness
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full happiness resides in the loving vision of god
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who said this?
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father pinckaers
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synderesis rule
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do good and avoid evil
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why are all the other precepts based from the synderesis rule?
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it is the main guiding principle
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primary precepts
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preservation of innocent life, reproduction, educate children, worship god , ordered society
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why is the first precept something that humans share with all other substances?
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all things have a natural desire to keep existing
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who do humans have the 2nd and 3rd precepts in common with?
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animals
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the 4th and 5th precepts are?
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unique to humans
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relationship between primary and secondary precepts?
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secondary precepts are derived from primary precepts
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example of secondary precept for reproduction
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no contraception
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example of secondary precept for ordered society
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no theft
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controversy around the idea that secondary precepts are?
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culturally relative
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things may be legal in some countries but go against the precepts eg
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polygamy
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however, while the primary precepts are absolute, the secondary precepts can be more flexible quote from Aquinas
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the natural law is altogether unchangeable in its first principles, but in its secondary principles may be changed in some particular cases of rare occurrence
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what text is the quote from?
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summa theologica
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aquinas believed in 2 types of good
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real and apparent
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real good
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truly good and works with God’s purpose
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apparent good
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something that appears good but does not fit with God’s intended purpose
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eg, adultery can feel like a real good because of
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short term pleasure
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but it is an apparent good as
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goes against precepts
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exterior acts are only good if accompanied by?
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right intention
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for example?
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philanthropy for fame is not true morality
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4 cardinal virtues
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prudence justice fortitude temperance
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3 theological virtues
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faith hope love
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virtuous development in order to?
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correct our fallen nature
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what does Aquinas use to discuss the legality of killing in self defence?
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the principle of double effect
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what is the main summary of it?
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always wrong to do a bad act with good consequences, sometimes okay to do a good act with bad consequences
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how many conditions does the principle have
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4
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first condition
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nature of the act
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explanation
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act must not be morally bad
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second condition
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means-end
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explanation
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evil is not made a means to obtain good effect
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third condition
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right intention
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explanation
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bad effect must be an unintentional side effect
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explanation cont.
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bad effect can be forseen but must not be intended
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fourth condition
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proportionality
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explanation
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good effect should be at least proportionate to the evil
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kevin kelly on NML
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too deontologically focused
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proportionalism aquinas said it was acceptable to ?
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steal bread for starving family
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but not acceptable to?
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lie to save someone from death
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quote about proportionalist reaction to aquinas
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they have "pointed out the inconsistency and invalidity of such thinking"
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proportionalism dictates that you should never go against certain moral rules without?
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a proportionate reason
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proportionalist scholars
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hoose and janssens
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they said modern day versions of NML were too?
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inflexible
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when deciding if an action is moral/immoral you need to consider?
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the intention of the moral agent
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if intention is ignored, you can only consider?
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the ontic goodness of the act
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acts only become valued when you consider both (1)
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proportion of value to disvalue
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(2)
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intention of the moral agent
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so, no acts are ?
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intrinsically evil
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SITUATION ETHICS context- era
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60s
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significance?
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hippie movement, sexual revolution, promotion of peace
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Paul Tillich quote
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the law of love is the ultimate law because it is the negation of the law
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William Temple quote
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only one ultimate and invariable duty, love thy neighbour
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Joesph Flecter's foreword to Situation Ethics contain an anecdote of ?
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st louis bus story
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the moral of which being?
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there are times when a man has to push his principles aside and do the right thing
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legalism
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set of absolute rules and regulations
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antinomianism
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no laws governing human behaviour, ad hoc
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