Statistics for Sociology: Globalisation and Crime 2

This is caused by globalisation:

-With the spread of consumerist ideology in a bulimic media-saturated society.

-Left Realist Jock Young - young people have grown up with 'full immersion in the American Dream, a culture hooked on Gucci, BMW, Nikes', but without the economic means to achieve the goals of consumer culture.

This can cause Transnational Organised Crime.

This is caused by globalisation:

-Deregulation, marketisation, and privatisation.

-Less social cohesion and opportunity, more insecurity.

This can cause Transnational Organised Crime.

-It has been considered a jailhouse fraternity for much of its existence, which recruited incarcerated 'brothers' by offering them protection within Brazil's violent, overcrowded prisons.

-Created in August 1993, it grew into Brazil's most feared criminal faction, conquering drug markets, smuggling routes, shantytowns and prisons across Brazil, including in far-flung corners of the Amazon.

-It also became a major player in other South American countries such as neighbouring Paraguay where the group has been blamed for multimillion-dollar armed robberies and bombings, and targeted assassinations.

-But over the past 5 years, investigators say the gang, which the US now calls one of the most powerful organised crime groups - has morphed into an even more formidable force after forging lucrative alliances with partners ranging from Bolivian cocaine producers to Italian Mafiosi.

-Today, the group boasts 10s of thousands of members and has a growing portfolio of interests, including illegal goldmines in the Amazon.

-It controls one of South America's most important trafficking routes - linking Bolivia and Brazil to Europe and Africa - and is partly responsible for a tsunami of cocaine that has brought car bombings, assassinations and gunfights to parts of Europe.

-"If someone is using cocaine in France, England or Spain there's a very good chance it got there through the hands of the PCC", said Lincoln Gakiya, a prosecutor from São Paulo.

-São Paulo's organised crime taskforce, Gaeco, who estimates the group now makes $1 billion a year - almost entirely from international trafficking.

This is caused by globalisation:

-Globalisation adds to the insecurity of life in late modernity.

-Ulrich Beck says we have become more 'risk conscious' and fearful - we no longer have the security of structures like religion or national identity.

-The media fuels our fears and frightens our sense of the 'threat' of crime.

This can cause Transnational Organised Crime.

This is caused by globalisation:

-Individuals in late modernity are left to find their own solutions to globally produced problems.

-Zygmunt Bauman argues that in a postmodern society, 'you are what you buy'.

-We live in a consumer-based, individualised society.

-People have lost sense of structure and community have are more focused on selfish individual rewards.

This can cause Transnational Organised Crime.

-Capitalism has led to increased insecurity for poorer people in society and also the risk of exploitation.

-The world is more and more unequal - the rich powerful global companies versus the workers.

-The more disadvantaged people are, the more relative deprivation is likely - this feeds crime.

-Corporations have more power than countries and the lack of regulation and control has led to exploitation including human rights violations and environmental crime.

-Marxists would highlight that selective law enforcement applies globally as well as locally.

This is caused by globalisation:

-It creates winners and losers in the global marketplace.

This can cause Transnational Organised Crime.

This is caused by globalisation:

-Globalisation opens up opportunities for new types of crime and ways of committing it.

-The speed, convenience and anonymity of the online world enables criminals to commit illegal activity from anywhere in the world.

-These crimes are really hard to detect.

This can cause Transnational Organised Crime.

-Demand for drugs, sex workers, body parts and cheap labour in affluent countries supplied by the poor of developing countries.

This can cause Transnational Organised Crime.