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Heart anatomy and physiology
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Last updated: February 29, 2024
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| First submitted | February 29, 2024 |
| Times taken | 40 |
| Average score | 31.8% | Report this quiz | Report |
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1.
Where is the heart within the Thorax?
In the centre
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To the left
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To The right
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In the top left
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2.
What is the outer layer of heart tissue called, which protects the heart?
Myocardium
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Endocardium
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Epicardium
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Pericardium
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3.
What is the approximate length and mass of a human heart?
15cm/100g
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30cm/100g
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15cm/300g
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30cm/300g
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4.
What is the average heart stroke volume?
10ml
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45ml
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70ml
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95ml
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5.
What 2 values do you multiply to work out the Cardiac output?
Stroke volume and heart mass
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Heart rate and heart mass
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Heart rate and stroke volume
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Stroke volume and residual capacity
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6.
What does the cardiac reserve represent?
Number of heart beats per minute
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The difference between resting and maximum cardiac output
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The amount of blood that can be in the heart at one time
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The amount of blood pumped by the heart during each beat
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7.
Which side of the heart has a thicker muscle wall?
Left Ventricle
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Right Ventricle
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Both are the same
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There is no muscle around the ventricles, only the atria
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8.
What is the name of the heart muscle?
Myocardium
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Endocardium
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Epicardium
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Pericardium
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9.
What is the name of the tissue which lines heart chambers?
Myocardium
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Endocardium
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Epicardium
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Pericardium
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10.
Which valve is between the Right Atria and Right Ventricle?
Aortic
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Pulmonary/Pulmonic
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Tricuspid
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Bicuspid/Mitral
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11.
Which valve is between the Right Ventricle and Pulmonary Trunk?
Aortic
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Pulmonary/Pulmonic
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Tricuspid
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Bicuspid/Mitral
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12.
Which valve is between the Left Atria and Left Ventricle?
Aortic
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Pulmonary/Pulmonic
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Tricuspid
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Bicuspid/Mitral
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13.
Which Valve is between the Left Ventricle and Aorta?
Aortic
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Pulmonary/Pulmonic
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Tricuspid
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Bicuspid/Mitral
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14.
Which muscles are the heart valves connected to, and in what phase do they contract?
Papillary, Systole
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Papillary, Diastole
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Vena Cava, Systole
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Vena Cava, Diastole
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15.
What is the sound S1?
Blood rushing through the ventricles during ventricular systole
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Closing of semilunar valves at the end of ventricular systole
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Closing of AV valves at the start of ventricular systole
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Muscles in the heart contracting during ventricular systole
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16.
What is the sound S2?
Blood rushing through the ventricles during ventricular systole
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Closing of semilunar valves at the end of ventricular systole
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Closing of AV valves at the start of ventricular systole
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Muscles in the heart contracting during ventricular diastole
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17.
The release of what ion triggers contraction of cardiac muscle?
Potassium
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Calcium
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Iron
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Sodium
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18.
What do actin and myosin do in cardiac muscle?
React with potassium to fuel heart contraction
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Expand and Contract
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Contribute to ATP hydrolysis
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Slide past each other
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19.
What triggers release in the sliding filament mechanism?
ATP Binding
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Potassium Binding
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ATP Hydrolysis
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ADP Dissociation
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20.
What causes conformational change in the sliding filament mechanism?
ATP Binding
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Phosphate Dissociation
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ADP Dissociation
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ATP Hydrolysis
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21.
What causes rebinding in the sliding filament mechanism?
Phosphate dissociation
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ATP Hydrolysis
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Potassium binding
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ADP Hydrolysis
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22.
What causes power stroke in the sliding filament mechanism?
Phosphate dissociation
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Potassium Binding
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ADP Dissociation
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ATP Hydrolysis
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23.
What proteins prevent the interaction of actin and myosin?
Myoglobin and Myoglomyosin
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Troponin and Tropomyosin
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NCX1 and NCX2
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Globin and Myosoglobin
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24.
Which ion binds to the above proteins causing conformational change and the interaction of actin and myosin?
Potassium
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Sodium
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Iron
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Calcium
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25.
Which of the 7 heart phases are systole?
First 3
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First 4
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Last 3
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Middle 3
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26.
What triggers calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum after trigger calcium is received from another source?
Transverse Tubules
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Ryanodine Receptors
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Mitochondrion
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Myofibril
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27.
What is the source of the trigger calcium?
Diads
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Ryanodine Receptors
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Extracellular space through L type channels
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From Actin and Myosin through the intracellular matrix
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28.
What does the calcium interact with, what does it cause, and what does it uncover?
TN-C, TN-I, Myosin binding site on actin
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TN-I, TN-C, Actin binding site on Myosin
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TN-A, TN-B, Myosin Binding site on Actin
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TN-B, TN-A, Actin Binding site on Myosin
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29.
What happens to the calcium in the cell after this?
It is reabsorbed into the SR and then removed from the cell
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It binds to the uncovered binding site
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It is transported directly into other cells
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It goes into the mitochondria
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30.
What happens as the concentration of calcium decreases?
It causes an increase in ATP hydrolysis
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It causes phosphates to start binding to key sites
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It dissociates with the site it originally bound to
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It causes the cell to lyse
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31.
Which method asides from the Ca pump is calcium removed from cells?
K/Ca exchanger
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Fe/Ca exchanger
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L type channels
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Na/Ca exchanger
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32.
What regulates electrical activity in the heart?
The brain stem
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Concentration change
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Nerves in the heart
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The superior vena cava
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33.
What is the Nernst potential?
Voltage required to promote activity in the whole heart
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Voltage required to stop flow of ions to due concentration gradient
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Highest potential voltage a heart can take without damage
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Lowest potential voltage a heart can use to function normally
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34.
Which 3 pumps are used to regulate concentration of ions?
Na/K, K/Ca. ATPase/Ca
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Na/Ca, Na/K, ATPase/Ca
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Na/K, Na/ATPase, Ca/K
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Ca/Na, Ca/K, Ca/ATPase
✓
35.
What does inotropy mean?
velocity of signal conduction by cardiomyocytes
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contraction frequency
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strength of contraction
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increased heart rate
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36.
What does chronotropy mean?
strength of contraction
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velocity of signal conduction by cardiomyocytes
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decreased heart rate
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contraction frequency
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37.
What does tachycardia mean?
velocity of signal conduction by cardiomyocytes
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increased heart rate
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decreased heart rate
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strength of contraction
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38.
What does bradycardia mean?
decreased heart rate
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myocardial relaxation
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velocity of signal conduction by cardiomyocytes
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increased heart rate
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39.
What does lusitropy mean?
myocardial relaxation
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velocity of signal conduction by cardiomyocytes
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myocardial excitability
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contraction frequency
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40.
What does bathmotropy mean?
strength of contraction
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myocardial excitability
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velocity of signal conduction by cardiomyocytes
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myocardial relaxation
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41.
What is the Frank Starling mechanism?
The more the ventricle is filled with blood during diastole, the lesser the stroke volume
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The less the ventricle is filled with blood during diastole, the greater the stroke volume
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The more the ventricle is filled with blood during diastole, the greater the stroke volume
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The less the ventricle is filled with blood during diastole, the greater the cardiac output
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42.
What is the preload?
Stretch of cardiac muscle during diastole
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Amount of blood that can fit into the right ventricle
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Stretch of heart muscle during systole
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Amount of blood that can fit into the left ventricle
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43.
What is afterload
Stretch of heart muscle during systole
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The amount of blood the heart pumps per beat
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Stretch of cardiac muscle during diastole
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Tension produced by the heart to eject blood
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44.
What is a baroreceptor?
Nerve endings in the adventitia of the sarcarotid sinus and aortic arch
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Nerve endings in the myocardium
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Nerve endings in the epivenentitia of the carotid sinus and aortic arch
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Nerve endings in the adventitia of the carotid sinus and aortic arch
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