The 495 Most Important People in History

Hint

Name

Founder of Islam

Founder of Christianity

Painter of the "Mona Lisa"

Founder of the Mongol Empire

Formulated laws of motion and universal gravitation

Deaf composer known for symphonies such as the Fifth and Ninth

Macedonian king who conquered vast lands such as Persia and Egypt

French military leader turned Emperor who met defeat at Waterloo

German dictator responsible for the Holocaust

Ancient Greek philosopher and teacher of Aristotle

Child prodigy composer of many classical works including "The Magic Flute"

Venetian explorer known for his travels along the Silk Road

Italian explorer falsely recognized as the discoverer of the America's

Ancient Greek philosopher and tutor to Alexander the Great

German-born physicist who formulaed the theory of relativity

Italian astronomer known for advanced telescope technology

Ancient Greek philosopher known for his method of questioning

Roman general assassinated on the Ides of March

Former American President and the only federal official to be impeached twice

Elizabethan playwright and poet with timeless works such as "Hamlet"

Italian Renissance artist famous for the "David" and the "Sistine Ceiling"

Indian spiritual leader who achieved enlightenment under the Bodhi tree

German composer known for his "Brandenburg Concertos"

Chinese philosopher known for his teachings on ethics, morality, and social relationships

Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, and inventor who cried "Eureka!"

German monk who sparked the Protestant Reformation by challenging the Catholic Church's practices

One of the twelve apostles of Jesus and considered the first pope by the Catholic Church

Dutch post-impressionist painter known for his works such as "Starry Night" and "Sunflowers"

Biblical figure who led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt

German philosopher and economist who co-authored "The Communist Manifesto"

Founding figure of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Polish astronomer who proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system

Italian poet who authored "The Divine Comedy," an epic describing his journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven

English naturalist who formulated the theory of evolution by natural selection

Portugese explorer who led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globeArg

Argentine Marxist revolutionary who played a key role in the Cuban Revolution

French monarch known as the "Sun King"

French heroine and military leader who led the French forces at the Siege of Orléans

Soviet leader who ruled with an iron fist and was one of the Allied leaders in WWII

Spanish painter and sculptor who co-founded Cubism

Central figure in Christianity revered for her purity and devotion

Dutch Golden Age painter known for works such as "The Night Watch"

German philosopher known for his work in metaphysics, ethics, and epistemology

Longest-reigning monarch in British History who ascended to the throne in 1952

Portugese explorer and first European to reach India by sea

Ancient Greek poet credited with composing the epics "The Illiad" and "The Odyssey"

Current leader of the Catholic Church and first Latin American pope

The third President of the United States and author of the Declaration of Independence

First Roman Emperor who ushered in the Pax Romana

Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis

Leader of the Bolshevik Revolution and founder of the Soviet Union

He thought therefore he was

Ancient Greek mathematician and namesake of an important geometrical theorem

American inventor from New Jersey known for creating the lightbulb

South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and the country's first black president

Polish-born physicist, chemist, and pioneer in the field of radioactivity

Polish composer and virtuoso pianist known for his compositions including nocturnes, preludes, and waltzes

Persian polymath known for his contributions to medicine, philosophy, and science, and the author of "Canon of Medicine"

Italian Renaissance painter known for his work "The School of Athens"

Founder of the Reublic of Turkey who led modernization reforms

Swiss-French philosopher known for his work "The Social Contract"

German writer, poet, and statesman known for his work "Faust" and contributions to the Sturm und Drang literary movement

King of Franks later crowned as the first Holy Roman Emperor

A key figure in the spread of Christianity who was originally known as Saul of Tarsus

Scotsman considered the father of modern economics

German inventor credited with the invention of the printing press, however it had been previously invented in China

Serbian-American inventor and engineer known for his contributions to AC electrical systems and wireless communication

Indian lawyer and political leader known for his nonviolent resistance against British rule

German philosopher known for his concept of the Übermensch and his proclamation of the "death of God"

Russian novelist known for works such as "Crime and Punishment" and "The Brothers Karamazov"

Medieval Central Asian conqueror known for his military campaigns and the establishment of the Timurid Empire

English monarch known as the "Virgin Queen" and the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn

Surrealist artist known for his eccentric personality, flamboyant mustache, and melting clock paintings

Danish author known for his traditionally gruesome fairy tales such as "The Little Mermaid"

Italian composer known for his Baroque masterpiece "The Four Seasons"

British author known for creating the high fantasy world of Middle-earth in works like "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings"

39th President of the United States who played a key role in brokering the Camp David Accords

Silent film actor and director known for his character "The Tramp"

French Enlightenment writer and philosopher known for his advocacy for freedom of speech, religion, and separation of church and state

Italian Renaissance political philosopher and author of "The Prince", known for his pragmatic views on power and governance

Medieval Muslim military leader known for recapturing Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 1187

Ancient Egyptian pharaoh who asceded to the throne at a young age and is famous for his tomb, which was discovered nearly intact in the Valley of the Kings

Swedish botanist and taxonomist known a the "Father of Modern Taxonomy"

Biblical figure known for baptizing Jesus in the Jordan River

Boxer known for his iconic fights like the "Rumble in the Jungle" and "Thrilla in Manila"

French author known for his novels "Les Misérables" and "The Hunchback of Notroe-Dame"

Ancient Egyptian Queen whose relationships with two Roman generals, which forever altered the fate of both the Egyptian and Roman Empires

Biblical king known for his wisdom, wealth, and building the First Temple in Jerusalem

Biblical figure who slayed Goliath with a slingshot

Greek historian known for his work "The Histories", which documented the Greco-Persian Wars

Early Christian theologian and philosopher known for his works "Confessions" and "The City of God"

French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher known for his contributions to probablity theory and his law in fluid mechanics

Czech-born writer known for his novels and short stories such as "The Metamorphosis" and "The Trial"

Ancient Greek physicia often referred to as the "Father of Medicine" who lent his namesake to a crucial oath for medical ethics

Inventor of dynamite and namesake for awards given to those who have conferred the "greatest benefit to humankind"

Russian novelist known for works like "War and Peace" and "Anna Karenina"

Carthaginian military commander who famously crossed the Alps with elephants during the Second Punic War

Italian fascist dictator known for his authoritarian regime and alliance with Nazi Germany

English philosopher, statesman, and essayist known for his contributions to the scientific method and empiricism, often regarded as one of the founders of modern science

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Name

Persian prophet and founder of Zoroastrianism

French playwright known for comedies such as "Tartuffe" and "The Misanthrope"

Ottoman Sultan known for his expansion of the empire, cultural patronage, and legal reforms

Persian mathematician who pioneered the development of algebra, introduced the concept of algorithms, and laid the foundation for modern mathematics and computer science

Russian composer known for his romantic and expressive music, including ballets like "Swan Lake" and "The Nutcracker"

Roman emperor known for his conversion to Christianity, leading towards the Christianization of the empire

First Chancellor of Germany known for his realpolitik diplomacy

German mathematician and physicist known for his contributions to fields including number theory, algebra, statistics, and electromagnetism, often regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of all time

German astronomer known for his laws of planetary motion and work on optics ad astronomy

American writer known for his macabre and Gotic tales such as "The Raven" and "The tell-Tale Heart"

Chinese communist revolutionary who founded the People's Republic of China and initiated the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution

Leader of the Huns who terrorized Europe in the 5th century, earning him the nickname "The Scourge of God"

German philosopher known for his dialectical method and work on the philosophy of history

Mexican artist known for her self-portraits which often incorporated elements of Mexican culture and symbolism

Roman orator and philosopher known for his mastery of Latin prose, speeches against corrupt politicians, and philosophical works on ethics and politics

German painter, printmaker, and theorist known for detailed and realistic portraits, religious works, and woodcuts

Italian Dominican friar and theologian, and a jurist in the tradition of scholasticism from the county of Aquino

Italian composer known for his operas including "La Traviata" and "Aida"

British PM during World War II

Writer of the "Emancipation Proclamation"

English philosopher known for his belief in natural rights, particularly the rights to life, liberty, and property

German composer known for his operas such as "The Ring Cycle" and "Tristan und Isolde"

Roman poet known for his epic "The Aeneid"

American actress known for her roles in films such as "Some Like It Hot" and "Gentleman Prefer Blondes"

Ancient Greek mathematician known as the "Father of Geometry"

Polish-born Pope who served from 1978-2005

French biologist and chemist known for his discoveries in microbiology, including the development of the rabies vaccine

British theoretical physicist known for his work on black holes, cosmology, and the nature of universe, as well as his book "A Brief History of Time"

Dutch philosopher knwon for his works such as "Ethics" and "Tractatus Theologio-Politicus"

He fiddled while Rome burned

Flemish Baroque painter known for his work "The Descent from the Cross"

French impressionist painter known for his series of paintings of water lillies

Austrian composer known as the "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String Quartet"

Scottish inventor known for his improvements to the steam engine and for the unit of power named in his honor

French novelist known as the "Father of Science Fiction" and known for his adventure novels such as "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea"

Italian philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who advocated for the Copernican heliocentric model, leading to his condemnation by the Roman Catholic Church

Biblical figure known for his colorful coat, interpretation of dreams, and rise to power in Europe where he saved his family and the nation from famine

"Mr. _______, tear down this wall!"

Austrian composer known for his lieder and works such as "Ave Maria"

Soviet cosmonaut who was the first human to journey into outer space

German polymath known for his development of differential and integral calculas independently of Isaac Newton

Christian martyr and patron saint of England, known for slaying a dragon

Egyptian king known for her prominent role alongside her husband Pharoh Akhenaten during the 14th century BC

British monarch who is the namesake of an era and became the Empress of India

Unidentified serial killer who terrorized the Whitechapel district, killing and mutilating at least five women

Islamic caliph and companion of the Prophet Muhammad, known for his role in the early expansion of Islam and effective leadership as the second caliph following Muhammad's death

Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia known for her reforms and efforts to modernize the Habsburg Monarchy

English king marked by controversy over the disappearance of his nephews, the Princes in the Tower, and whose death marked the end of the Plantagenet dynasty and the beginning of the Tudor era

French astrologer known for his book "Les Propheties", which has been interpreted as predictions of future events

Holy Roman Emperor known for his role in the Protestant Reformation, conflicts with the Ottoman Empire, and abdication in 1556

Biblical patriarch known as the son of Isaac and the father of the twelve tribes of Israel

Italian Catholic friar and preacher known for founding the Franciscan Order

French playwright, philosopher, and novelist known for his works like "Being and Nothingness" and "No Exit"

Russian playright known for his works "The Cherry Orchard" and "Three Sisters"

Brazilian soccer legend who won three FIFA World Cup titles in 1958, 1962, and 1970

Roman Emperor known for his extravagant lifestyle, erratic behavior, and portrayal in the film "Gladiator"

Biblical fgure known for being one of Jesus' followers and being present at his crucifixion, burial, and the first witness to his resurrection

Roman philosopher known for his Stoic philosophy and his essays and letters on ethics and morality

Biblical figure known for his betrayal of Jesus, leading to Jesus' arrest and crucifixion

American actor known for his portrayal of Rocky Balboa and John Rambo

First Emperor of China who created construction projects such as the Great Wall of China and the Terracotta Army

German-British composer known for his operas, oratorios, and instrumental composions such as "Messiah" and the Water Music suite

Italian Baroque painter known for his realistic and often provocative depictions of religious and mythological subjects

Russian chemist known for his creation of the Periodic Table of Elements

40th President of the United States known for his role in ending the Cold War

Biblical prophet known for his confrontation with the prophets of Baal on Mount Carmel

Spanish architect known for his designs for the Sagrada Familia basilica in Barcelona

French philosopher and political theorist known for his work "The Spirit of the Laws"

Biblical figure who was the older brother of Moses and first heigh priest of the Israelites

The last king of France before the French Revolution whose execution during the Reign of Terror marked the dissolution of the French monarchy

Ancient Greek philosopher known for founding the Epicureanism school

Wife of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and played a crucial role in the politics of the Ottoman Empire

Spanish painter and printmaker known for his depictions of the horrors of war in "The Disasters of War" series

French novelist known for his work "La Comédie Humaine"

15th-century ruler of Wallachia who gained infamy from his cruel methods of punishment and served as the inspiration for Dracula

Swiss mathematician known for his contributions to calculus, number theory, graph theory, and mechanics, and development of the notation and terminology used in these disciplines

Ancient Greek playwright known for his tragedies including "Oedipus Rex" and "Antigone"

Tsar of Russia known for his efforts to modernize and westernize Russia and is the namesake of a notable Russian city

Canadian rock band from the 1970's known for their experimental style, blending hard and progressive rock and new wave

Jamaican musician known for popularizing reggae music and songs promoting social justice, love, and unity

Ancient Greek storyteller known for his fables, often featuring animals with human characteristics

French writer known for his novel "The Little Prince"

English philosopher known for his political theory outlined in his work "Leviathan"

Russian revolutionary and Marxist theorist known for his leadership of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War

Cuban revolutionary who led Cuba for nearly five decdes and is known for his Marxist-Leninist ideology

Egyptian pharaoh who reigned for over 66 years in the 19th dynasty, known for his building projects and military campaigns

Chinese philosopher and historian known for his studies of Chinese history, particularly during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period

"Great" Empress of Russia

Leader of the Free French Forces during WWII who later served as the President of France from 1959-1969

German philosopher known for his pessimistic philosophy and work "The World as Will and Representation"

Lead singer of Queen from Zanzibar

British scientist credited with the discovery of electromagnetic induction and principles underlying the operation of electric motors and generators

Wife of Louis XVI known for her extravagant lifestyle and untrue quote "Let them eat cake"

Roman Emperor known for his tyrranical rule and insanity, declaring himself a god and ordering the assassination of political rivals

Norwegian painter known for his work "The Scream"

Prolific American novelist known for his works "A Farewell to Arms" and "The Sun Also Rises"

Eighth President of the United States known for serving during the Panic of 1837

Swiss-French architest and urban planner known for his works like the Villa Savoye and the Unité d'Habitation

Roman poet known for his works "Metamorphoses" and "Ars Amatoria"

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Name

Yugoslav President from 1953-1980 who led the resistance against Axis occupation during World War II

Greek philosopher known for his doctrine of change and flux, stating "you cannot step in the same river twice"

French-Algerian author known for his novels "The Stranger" and "The Plague"

Egyptian pharoh known for his religious reforms and moving the Egyptian capital to modern-day Amarna

Roman Emperor known for his Stoic philosophy and work "Meditations"

Donald Trump's opponent in the 2016 Presidential Election

Norwegian explorer known for leading the first expedition to reach the South Pole in 1911

Italian explorer and namesake of two continents

Italian poet and scholar known as the "Father of Humanism", known for his sonnets dedicated to his idealized love interest, Laura

Dutch painter known for his works "Girl with a Pearl Earring" and "The Milkmaid"

35th President of the United States often referred to as "Camelot"

Tupelo-born American rockstar commonly referred to as the "King of Rock"

Jewish diarist who documented hiding in an attic from the Nazi's during the German occupation of the Netherlands

Thracian gladiator who led a slave revolt against the Roman Republic in the Third Servile War

Native American woman who played a significant role in the early history of the Jamestown settlement

Ancient Greek astronomer and geographer who proposed a geocentric model of the universe

English king who had six wives

Queen beheaded at the order of her cousin, Elizabeth I of England

English captain who "discovered" Hawaii

Italian Renaissance painter known for works such as "The Birth of Venus" and "Primavera"

French Post-Impressionist artist known for his depictions of Tahitian life

Emperor of Austria from 1848-1916 whose reign ultimately led to the decline of the Austro-Hungarian Empire

Prominent Athenian general known for his leadership in the Peloponnesian War

Victorian author of "Great Expectations" and "A Tale of Two Cities"

Soviet leader who succeeded Stalin, known for his policy of de-Stalinization and role in the Cuban Missile Crisis

Prominent figure in the Civil Rights Movement known for his advocacy of black nationalism, self-defense, and leadership within the Nation of Islam

Director of "Jaws", "Jurassic Park", and "The Fabelmans"

Ottoman Sultan who ruled from 1566-1574, known for his military campaigns in the Mediterranean and conquest of Cyprus

American author from Missouri known for his novels "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" and "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn"

Husband of Mary and foster father of Jesus known for his role as a protector of the Catholic Church

Dutch Renaissance humanist and theologian known for his critical edition of the New Testament and promoting classical learning and Christian humanism

Babylonian king known for his law code which established the "eye for an eye" perspective

Byzantine Emperor known for his codification of Roman law in the Corpus Juris Civilis and construction of the Hagia Sofia in Constantinople

Hungarian composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, known for his contributions to the development of the symphonic poem

Austrian composer and conductor of the late Romantic period known for his symphonies such as "Symphony No. 2" and "Symphony No. 5)

French theologian and key figure in the Protestant Reformation known for his work "Institutes of the Christian Religion" and establishment of Calvinism

Ancient Greek philosopher often considered the first Western philosopher, known for his contributions to geometry and inquiries into the nature of the universe

English author known for her murder mysteries

President of Iraq from 1979-2003 known for his authoritarian rule and involvement in multiple wars including the Iran-Iraq War and the Gulf War

Communist leader of Romania from 1965-1989 known for his oppressive regime containing censorship and human rights abuses

11th President of the United States known for the annexation of Texas, the Oregon Treaty with Great Britain, and the Mexican-American War

Russian poet and writer known for his epics such as "Eugene Onegin" and "The Bronze Horseman"

French writer known for his historical novels including "The Three Musketeers" and "The Count of Monte Cristo"

German co-author of "The Communist Manifesto" and contributed to works such as "The Condition of the Working Class in England"

American astronaut and first person to walk on the Moon during the Apollo 11 mission

The last Emperor of Russia whose abdication marked the end of the Romanov dynasty, resulting in the Russian Revolution and his execution by the Bolsheviks

Roman Emperor known for his military conquest in the Dacian Wars and building projects such as ______'s Column and ______'s Forum in Rome

Spanish dictator from 1939-1975 and played a key role in the Spanish Civil War

German composer of the Romantic period known for his works "Symphony No. 4", "Piano Concerto No. 2", and the "German Requiem"

Persian mathematician poet known for his poem Rubaiyat" and work on algebra and geometry

Ottoman Sultan from 1512-1520 known for the conquest of Egypt and the Levant

Polish cofounder of the Spartacus League and German Communist Party

Founder and Supreme Leader of North Korea known for his policy of Juche

Marcial artist and actor known for movies "Enter the Dragon" and "Fists of Fury"

German fashion designer known for his work with Chanel and Fendi

National Security Advisor and Secretary of State under Nixon and Ford

Tsar of Russia from 1547-1584 known for his centralization of power and brutal suppression of dissent

One of the four canonical gospels in the New Testament and one of the Twelve Apostles

Bohemian reformer in the 14th and early 15th centuries known for his criticism of the Catholic Church and its authority of the Pope

Italian writer of the 14th century known for his work "The Decameron"

King of England from 1189 to 1199 known for his leadership during the Third Crusade

First President of the United States of America

Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad and the fourth caliph of Islam

Spanish writer known for his work "Don Quixote"

Roman governor of Judea during the time of Jesus

Ottoman Sultan known or his conquest of Constantinople in 1453 which ended the Byzantine Empire

Roman poet during the reign of Augustus known for his concept of "Carpe Diem"

French Post-Impressionist painter known for his work "Mont Sainte-Victoire"

American Founding Father known for his role in the Constituion and electricity experiments

Spanish conquistador whose conquest of Tenochtitlan in 1521 ended the Aztec Empire

Italian nationalist leader and key fgure in the Risorgimento movement

Often depicted as the first disciple caused by Jesus

Albanian nun known for her humanitarian work in Calcutta, India

Germa composer and music critic of the Romantic era known for "Kinderszenen"

French artist of the Fauvist movement known for "The Dance" and "Woman with a Hat"

Empress of Austria and wife of Franz Joseph I known for her beauty

Member of the Beatles who was assassinated in New York at the Dakota building in 1980

French fashion designer who collaborated with the Nazi's during World War II

Italian Renaisance painter known for "Veus of Urbino" and "Bacchus and Adriadne"

Chinese philosopher and founder of Taoism

The current President and Prime Minister of Russia known for his tight control over domestic politics

Holy Roman Emperor who reigned from 1155-1190 and led the Third Crusade to the Holy Land

First President of France known for urban planning projects in Paris and involvement in the Crimean War and Franco-Prussian War

British computer scientists known for breaking the German Enigma code

Co-ruler of England, Scotland, and Ireland with her husband William III of Orange

Pseudonym of Marie-Henri Beyle known for novels "The Red and the Black"

Muslim prophet from Andalusia during the Islamic Golden Age known for seeking to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy with islamic theology and jurisprudence

English film director known as the "Master of Suspense" for his works "Psycho" and "The Birds"

The 124th Emperor of Japan who ruled during WW2, signing off on the Pearl Harbor Attack

The first female and longest-serving British PM

Austrian symbolist painter known for his work "Woman in Gold"

Babylonian king known for his building projects including the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and was mentioned in the Bible

French novelist known for his work "In Search of Lost Time"

Turkish Christian saint and bishop of the 4th century who inspired Santa Claus

Italian violinist and guitarist known as the "Devil's Violinist"

Austrian scientist and Augustinian friar known as the father of modern genetics

Roman Emperor from 284-305 AD known for his efforts to stabilize Rome during the Crisis of the Third Century

U.S. President during the Great Depression and part of World War II

The creator of a famous children's entertainment company which gained fame for its movies of classic fairy tales

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Name

Italian physicist of the 19th century known for his invention of the electric battery

Leading member of the Nazi Party and the head of the SS and Gestapo

Norwegian playwright known for his works "A Doll's House", "Hedda Gabler", and "Ghosts"

French chemist known as the "father of modern chemistry"

King of France from 1715-1774 who ruled during the War of Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War

Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1603-1617 known for his successful war against Persia and unsuccessful campaigns against the Habsburg Monarchy

King of France from 1589-1610 and was the first monarch of the House of Bourbon

French actor known for his work in "Purple Noon", "Le Samourai", and "La Piscine"

Italian Renissance sculptor known for the "Bronze David"

Flemish Renaissance painter known for his works "The Hunters in the Snow" and "The Tower of Babel"

English novelist known for his dystopian novels "Nineteen Eighty-Four" and "Animal Farm"

The son of Zebedee, brother of the apostle John, and one of the Twelve Apostles

Emperor of Japan from 1989-2019 and the son of former Emperor Hirohito

Swedish author best known for her children's book series featuring Pippi Longstocking

British writer best known for creating the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes

Moroccan explorer who chronicled is travels in "Rihla"

British economist of the 20th century known for his book "The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money"

Greek Renaissance and early Baroque painter born in Crete known for "The View of Toledo"

Greek playwright often referred to a the "Father of Tragedy" known for "Agamemnon"

Danish philosopher often considered the "father of existentialism" known for "Either/Or"

Portugese explorer during the 15th and 16th century known for being the first European explorer to sail around the southern tip of Africa

Swiss writer known for his novels "Siddhartha", "Steppenwolf", and "The Glass Bead Game"

Father of Alexander the Great

Irish author known for his novel "The Picture of Dorian Gray"

German novelist and 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate known for "Buddenbrooks"

Head of the Republic of China from 1928-1975 known for leading the Nationalist government during the Northern Expedition and the Chinese Civil War

Scottish-born engineer best known for inventing the telephone

Persian poet known for his work "Masnavi"

Florentine ruler from 1469-1492, ruling during the Renaissance and Golden Age of Florence

Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623-1640 known for implementing strict laws to restore order

French singer-songwriter known for her songs "La Vie en rose" and "Non, je ne regrette rien"

Ottoman architect known for constructing the Süleymaniya Mosque in Istanbul in the 1500s

German philosopher known for his work "Being and Time"

Roman Emperor who built a wall in Northern England

Greek scholar in Alexadria murdered in 415 AD due to religious and political tensions

Danish physicst who proposed the ____ model of the atom and wo the Nobel Prize in 1922

Namesake of Mercedes who invented the first automobile powered by an internal combustion engine

Controversial singer from the 80s known as the "King of Pop"

Italian composer known for his operas "La Bohème" and "Madame Butterfly"

Arab scholar known for his work "The Muqaddimah"

Scottish bacteriologist who discovered the antibiotic properities of penicillin

English writer known for his novel "Robinson Crusoe"

Dutch painter known for his works "The Garden of Earthly Delight" and "The Last Judgement"

Greek mathematician and astronomer known for calculating the Earth's circumference and developing the disciple of geography

Prolific American novelist of the Roaring Twenties known for his work "The Great Gatsby"

Belgian actress known for her film "Breakfast at Tiffany" and philanthropic work with UNICEF

Scottish pholosopher and historian known for his work "A Treatise of Human Nature"

German physicist known as the father of quantum theory and discovering the equation E=hf

English Queen sometimes referred to as "Bloody ____"

70s performer, fashion idol, and the first singer to use autotune

Emperor of the Maurya Dynasty from 268-232 BC known for his conversion to Buddhism after the Kalinga War

Chairman of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) who led its efforts to establish a Palestinian state and negotiate with Israel for peace

Norwegian Romantic composer known for his works the "Peer Gynt" suites

Czech composer known for his works "New World Symphony" and "Slavonic Dances"

"Great" king of the Persian Achaemenid Empire known for his inscription at Behistun

Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology including concepts such as archetypes and collective unconscious

Ottoman Sultan from 1574-1595 known for expanding Ottoman territory in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus

French novelist known for her works "Germinal", "Nana," and "Thérèse Raquin"

American industrialist and inventor of the Model T

Swiss Renaissance alchemist known for his work "On the Miners' Sickness and Other Diseases of Miners"

Frankish military leader known for his victory over the Moors at the Battle of Tours

Roman Emperor from 379-395 AD and the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and western halves of the empire

Russian physiologist known for experimenting with dogs in his work in classical conditioning

Florentine noblewoman who became Queen of France as the wife of King Henry II

Chinese military strategist best known for his work "The Art of War"

Indian spiritual leader and teacher who established a commune in Oregon

Swiss businessman and social activist who founded the International Committee of the Red Cross

The second Roman Emperor succeeding Augustus

King of Judea from 37-4 BC known for expanding the Second Temple of Jerusalem

One of the twelve apostles of Jesus and regarded as the author of several books in the New Testament

Spanish king who launched an armada on England

Athenian playwright known as the "Father of Comedy" for his works "Lysistrata" and "The Clouds"

German field marshal in World War II often referred to as the "Desert Fox"

Greek philosopher and one of the founders of Cynicism, who lived in a large ceramic jar

French writer known for her feminist work "The Second Sex"

Portugese Catholic priest and Franciscan friar known for his preaching and sermons

Albanian military commader who led a successful rebellion against the Ottoman Empire

Columbian drug lord and the leader of the Medellín Cartel

Athenian philosopher often regarded as the "father of modern science" and one of the founders of atomic theory

Carolingian king of the Franks and the father of Charlemagne

Enlightenment writer best known for co-editing and contributing to the "Encyclopédie"

Pope from 1316-1334 known for his conflicts with the Franciscans over poverty and ownership of property

Greek biographer known for his work "Parallel Lives" and "Moralia"

Athenian playwright known for his work "Medea" and "The Bacchae"

French painter and important figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism known for his work "Luncheon on the Grass" and "A Bar at the Folies-Bergère"

Ottoman Sultan from 1389-1402 defeated by Timurid at the Battle of Ankara

Head of the Catholic Church from 2005-2013 who adopted the title Pope Emeritus

French philosopher known as the founder of positivism and the discipline of sociology

Greek physician known for his work "On the Natural Faculties"

English nurse during the Crimean War known as the founder of the modern discipline

Italian author known for his memoir "Histoire de ma vie"

The last German Emperor and King of Prussia who ruled until his abdication at the end of WWI

French sociologist known for exploring social institutions in her work "The Division of Labor in Society"

Founder anf first ruler of the Ottoman Empire

American actor and director known for his roles in Western films and directing "Million Dollar Baby"

French Impressionist painter known for his work "Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette"

French actress and singer known for her work in "And God Created Woman"

Chinese explorer during the Min Dynasty known for his Treasure Voyages from 1405-1433

Wife of Ferdinand II of Aragon who completed the Reconquista and sponsored the voyage of Christopher Columbus

Hint

Name

Head of the Catholic Church fro 1963-1978 known for continuing the reforms of the Second Vatican Council

English author of the Regency era known for her works "Emma" and "Persuasion"

Scottish physicist known for his equations which describe the behavior of electric and magnetic fields

Greek historian known for his work "History of the Peloponnesian War"

French poet known for his work "Les Fleurs du Mal"

Fourth king of the Persian Achaemenid Empire known for invading Greece and the attles of Thermopylae and Salamis

Russian "Mad Monk"

French physicist and mathematician known for his work and electromagnetism and formulating his own Law

Austrian philosopher known for his work "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus"

English author known for his work "Utopia" and serving as the Lord Chancellor under Henry VIII

French physicist and husband of Marie who collaborated with her to discover polonium and radium

King of France from 1610-1643 known for his role in the Thirty Years' War and relied on Cardinal Richelieu as his chief minister

English Romantic poet associated with "Don Juan" and infamous for his scandalous life

Roman artist known for pioneering abstract art and his painting "Composition VII"

Short-lived pope who served 33 days before his death in 1978

Italian inventor who pioneered long-distance radio transmission, sending the first transatlantic radio message in 1901

Dutch painter known for his abstract compositions of geometric shapes such as "Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow"

Japanese poet of the Edo perod known for his haiku "The Narrow Road to the Deep North"

German actress and singer famous for her roles in "The Blue Angel and Morocco"

Leader of the Catholic Church during WWII criticized for his response to the Holocaust

German poet and playwright known for his works "William Tell" and "Ode to Joy"

French philosopher known for works "Discipline and Punish" and "The History of Sexuality"

Libyan dictator who promoted his political philosophy in "The Green Book" and played a key role in the Libyan Civil War

Biblical figure swallowed by a fish after tryign to flee from God's command to preach in Ninevah

French statesman known for centralizing power under the monarchy during the reign of Louis XIII and featured in Dumas' "The Three Muskateers"

Spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism believed to be the reincarnation of Avalokiteshvara

Founder of the Jesuits and Spanish priest who wrote "Spiritual Exercises"

Japanese artist known for his woodblack print series "Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji"

American busuiness magnate and aviator known for the "Spruce Goose" aircraft

American preacher and civil rights leader known for his "I Have a Dream" speech

Director of "The Shining" and "2001 A Spacy Odyssey"

Ottoman Sultan who notably captured the Greek city Thessaloniki

French Romantic painter known for his work "Liberty Leading the People"

British philosopher and Nobel laureate known for his work "Principia Mathematica"

Italian sculptor and architect of the Baroque period known for his works "Apollo and Daphne"

Italin educator known for develoing a method of education emphasizing independence and hands-on learning in children

French engineer and architect of a famous Paris Tower named in his honor

Roman Emperor famous for marrying his niece Agrippina and being poisoned to make way for Nero's ascension to the throne

Famous beheaded wife of King Henry VIII and mother to Elizabeth I

Grandson of Muhammad martyred in the Battle of Karbala in 680 AD

Iranian Shia Muslim religious leader who led the 1979 Iranian Revolution

Swedish actress known for her roles in "Casablanca" and "Notorious"

Italian mathematician who introduced the Hindu-Arabic numeral system to Europe

English explorer and naval officer known for circumnavigating the globe

Kiwi physicist known as the "father of nuclear physics" who conducted the gold foil experiment leading to the discovery of the atomic nucleus

American actor known for "Scarface," "The Godfather," and winning the Oscar for Best Actor

Ottoman Sultan ruling from 1595-1603 and signed the Treaty of Constantinople with Austria

Prominent figure in Nazi Germany, commander of the Luftwaffe and founder of the Gestapo

French sculptor known for his works "The Thinker" and "The Kiss"

French monarch known for the suppression of the Knights Templar and relocation of the papacy to Avignon

Russian composer known for ballet scores "The Rite of Spring" and "The Firebird"

Son of Abraham and Sarah who almost sacrificed his father as a test of faith

The first female German Chancellor who served from 2005-2021

Nazi official captured by Israeli agents in Argentina and tried in Jerusalem for war crimes

Controversial Renaissance pope reigning from 1492-1503, famous for his involvement with the Borgia family and the "Banquet of Chestnuts"

Greek poet from Lesbos known for her works "Ode to Aphrodite" and "Hymn to Aphrodite"

Roman Emperor from 69-79 AD known for restoring stability after the Year of Four Emperors

American actor known for his roles in "The Godfather" and "A Streetcar Named Desire"

American singer-songwriter in the 60s known for her song "Me and Bobby McGee"

Hungarian noblewoman who allegedly killed many young women, earning her the nickname "The Blood Countess"

French Neoclassical painter known for his paintings "The Apotheosis of Homer" and "The Turkish Bath"

Cambodian leader of the Khmer Rouge regime from 1975-1979

North Korean leader from 1994-2011 known for his pursuit of nuclear weapons

Pharoah of Egypt during the New Kingdom known for building the Temple of Luxor

Three-named assassin of Abraham Lincoln

Italian author known for his novel "The Name of the Rose"

Medieval Islamic philosopher known for "The Book of Letters" and "The Book of Religion"

Columbian author known for his book "One Hundred Years of Solitude"

Holy Roman Emperor from 1508-1519, known for his marriage to Mary of Burgundy and his efforts to expand Habsburg influence in Europe

Evil Nazi doctor known as the "Angel of Death"

Pope during the Protestant Reformation known for his refusal to annul Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, leading to the creation of the Church of England

French Renaissance philosopher known for his collection "Essays"

Christian saint and founder of the Benedictine Order

Ottoman Empress influential during the reigns of her sons Murad IV and Ibrahim I

Third caliph of Islam known for compiling the Quran into a single text

Flemish painter known for his works the "Arnolfini Portait" and the "Ghent Altarpiece"

Christian theologian and scholar known for his work "On First Principles"

French mathematician known for his Last Theorem which remained unsolved until 1994

Ottoman Sultan who ruled from 1876-1909 and led to the decline of the Ottoman Empire

Mughal Emperor who ruled from 1556-1605, known for religious tolerance, art, and culture

Holy Roman Emperor who rained from 962-197, known for trying to consolidate royal power in Germany and his patronage of the Catholic Church, eventually canonized as a saint

Turkish PM from 2003-2014 and President since 2014 known for his conservative views and controversial policies on dissent and media censorship

Islamic theologian and author known for his work "The Revival of Religious Sciences"

Austrian writer known for his novel "The Royal Game"

American socialite whose marraige to King Edward VIII led to his abdication

Swedish king known as the "father of modern warfare," instrumental in the Thirty Years' War

American actor known for his distinctive voice and roles in "Driving Miss Daisy" and "Million Dollar Baby"

Irish novelist known for his work "Ulysses"

Scottish leader of the resistance against England in the Wars of Scottish Independence

Ottoman Sultan from 1481-1512 known for defeating the Mamluks in 1517

French physicist known for his discovery of radioactivity in 1896

This Archduke's death was the catalyst for World War I

Bengali writer and composer who won a Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 for his work "Gitanjali"

Roman general known for his romance with Cleopatra, leading to his defeat by Octavian

Creator of Marvel Comics

French writer known for exploring taboo subjects in "Justine" and "The 120 Days of Sodom"

Pope from 590-604 known for sending misisonaries to evangelize England

Dutch footballer who played for Ajax and Barcelona

Chinese leader who rose to power after Mao Zedong's death