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Moon
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Launch Date
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Agency
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Primery Mission
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Answer
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February 17, 2007
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United States NASA
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Studying the effect of the solar wind on the Moon.
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ARTEMIS P1/P2
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June 18, 2009
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United States NASA
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Lunar mapping to identify safe landing sites, locate resources, messure radiation, and demonstrate new technologies.
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Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
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May 20, 2018
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China CNSA
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Communications satellite for Chang'e 4 lunar far-side mission and conducting joint China-Netherlands low-frequency astronomy experiment.
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Queqiao
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December 8, 2018
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China CNSA
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Rover seeking to characterize lunar far-side environment, including possible lunar mantle material.
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Chang'e 4
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July 22, 2019
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India ISRO
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Lunar topography, mineralogy, elemental abundance, and meassure the lunar exosphere.
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Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter
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June 28, 2022
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United States NASA
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Test and verify the calculated orbital stability planned for the Gateway space station.
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CAPSTONE
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August 4, 2022
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South Korea KARI and United States NASA
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Surveying lunar resources such as water ice, uranium, helium-3, silicon, and aluminum, as well as producing a topographic map for future lunar landing sites.
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Danuri
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November 16, 2022
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Japan JAXA
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Halo orbiter to image Earth's plasmasphere, impact craters on the Moon's far side and L2 experiments.
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EQUULEUS
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September 7, 2023
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Japan JAXA
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Will demonstrate pinpoint precision, fuel-efficient landing technology.
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SLIM lander
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January 8, 2024
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United States Astrobotic Technology
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Lunar lander selected as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services carrying a total of 25 payloads to the Lunar surface, including the Iris cuberover and 5 Mexican micro-robots.
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Peregrine Mission One
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Mars
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Launch Date
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Agency
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Primery Mission
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Answer
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April 7, 2001
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United States NASA
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Map the surface of Mars, and relay for the Curiosity rover. Its name is a tribute to 2001: A Space Odyssey.
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2001 Mars Odyssey
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June 2, 2003
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European Union ESA
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Study the atmosphere and geology of Mars, search for sub-surface water, and deploy the Beagle 2 lander.
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Mars Express
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August 12, 2005
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United States NASA
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Analyze the landforms, stratigraphy, minerals, and ice of Mars.
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Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
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November 26, 2011
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United States NASA
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Searching for evidence of organic material on Mars, monitoring methane levels in the atmosphere, and engaging in exploration of the landing site at Gale Crater.
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Curiosity Rover
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November 18, 2013
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United States NASA
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Study the Martian upper atmosphere and its gradual loss to space.
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MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution)
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March 14, 2016
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European Union ESA
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Study methane and other trace gases in the Martian atmosphere.
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Trace Gas Orbiter (ExoMars 2016)
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July 19, 2020
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United Arab Emirates UAESA
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Study weather and atmosphere.
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Emirates Mars Mission
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July 23, 2020
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China CNSA
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Find evidence for current and past life and produce Martian surface maps. Orbital studies of Martian surface morphology, soil, and atmosphere.
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Tianwen-1 Orbiter
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July 30, 2020
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United States NASA
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Searching for evidence of organic material on Mars and engaging in exploration of the landing site at Jezero Crater.
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Perseverance Rover
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Asteroids and Comets
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Launch Date
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Agency
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Primery Mission
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Answer
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December 3, 2014
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Japan JAXA
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Asteroid study and sample-return
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Hayabusa2
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November 24, 2021
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Italy ASI
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To flyby a binary 65803 Didymos asteroid system, 65803 Didymos and Dimorphos
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LICIACube
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September 8, 2016
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United States NASA
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Asteroid study and sample-return
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OSIRIS-REx
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October 13, 2023
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United States NASA
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To orbit a main belt asteroid.
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Psyche
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October 16, 2021
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United States NASA
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To flyby 8 Jupiter trojans and one main belt asteroid.
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Lucy
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Venus
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Launch Date
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Agency
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Primery Mission
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Answer
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May 20, 2010
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Japan JAXA
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The first Japanese Venusian probe.
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Akatsuki
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Mercury
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Launch Date
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Agency
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Primery Mission
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Answer
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October 19, 2018
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ESA, Japan JAXA
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Spacecraft consists multiple spacecraft which will later split up. Study Mercury's form, interior structure, geology, composition, and craters, to understand Mercury's magnetic field, to characterize the composition it's atmosphere, to test Einstein's theory of general relativity, to search for asteroids sunward of Earth, and to generally study the origin and evolution of a planet close to a parent star. |
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BepiColombo
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Heliocentric orbit
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Launch Date
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Agency
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Primery Mission
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Answer
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August 12, 2018
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United States NASA
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Observation of solar wind, magnetic fields, and coronal energy flow.
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Parker Solar Probe
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February 10, 2020
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European Union ESA
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Take measurements of the inner heliosphere and nascent solar wind, and observe the Sun's of the polar regions.
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Solar Orbiter
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Jupiter
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Launch Date
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Agency
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Primery Mission
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Answer
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August 5, 2011
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United States NASA
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Studying Jupiter from polar orbit.
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Juno
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April 14, 2023
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European Union ESA
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Mission to study Jupiter's three icy moons Callisto, Europa, and Ganymede, eventually orbiting Ganymede as the first spacecraft to orbit a satellite of another planet.
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JUICE
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Outer Solar System
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Launch Date
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Agency
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Primery Mission
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Answer
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August 20, 1977
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United States NASA
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Visiting and studying all four gas giants.
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Voyager 2
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September 5, 1977
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United States NASA
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Investigating Jupiter and Saturn, and the moons of these planets.
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Voyager 1
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January 19, 2006
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United States NASA
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The first spacecraft to study Pluto up close and ultimately the Kuiper Belt.
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New Horizons
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