Chem Semester 1 Definitions Quiz

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Last updated: December 11, 2022

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First submitted	December 8, 2022
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Hint	Answer
when one element is substituted for another element in a compound	single replacement reaction
-gain electrons in outer shells -expand to hold another electron -low effective nuclear charge -always larger than their parent atoms	Anions
-principle quantum number -relative distance from nucleus -relative size of the region the electrons can be in -relative energy of electron	n
-dont hold their shape -no interactions between particles -lots of empty space -highly compressible	Gas
electrons ALWAYS occupy the lowest energy level first	Aufbau principle
due to wave-particle duality, it is fundamentally impossible to determine both the position and velocity of a particle at a given moment in time	Heisenberg uncertainty principle
simplest whole number ratio of atoms by mole in a compound	Empirical formula
tendency for bonded atoms to attract bonding electrons	Electronegativity
the ability to do work or causes change (can't see)	Energy
all atoms held to each other by covalent bonds	Network covalent solid
a physical combination of 2 or more pure substances	Mixture
overlap of unhybridized orbitals perpendicular to the bond axis	pi bond
no two electrons have the same amount of quantum numbers, and it only applies to electrons	Pauli Exclusion Principle
6.62x10^-34	Plancks Constant
change in form, not substance, generally reversible	Physical change
-hold their shape -particles stuck together -particles as close together as possible -incompressible	Solid
shapes of molecules that can be explained by electrons repelling one another	VSEPR
an unusually strong bond-dipole interaction that occurs only when H is bonded to N, O, or F	Hydrogen bond
energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom is the gas phase (cations)	Ionization energy
substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary means	Elements
single reactant -> multiple products	Decomposition Reaction
determined using the senses	Physical property
two or more atoms chemically combined	Molecule
all elements are made of invisible, indivisible, eternal particles called atoms	Daltons Atomic Theory
two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons	Covalent bond

Hint	Answer
more lines in spectrum than Bohr is able to observe	Fine line spectrum
overlap of orbitals along the bond axis	sigma bond
ability to undergo a chemical reaction	Chemical property
when atoms combine chemically to form compounds, they do so in definite ratios, by mass	Law of definite composition
a physical combination of 2 or more pure substances that are uniform in appearance	Homogeneous mixture
when two elements are substitured for others in a compound	Double replacement reaction
anything that takes up space and has mass	Matter
massless particle of light energy	Photon
difference in polarity between 2 atoms in a bond	Bond dipoles
a physical quantity that only has discrete values	Quantization
when an electron temporarily occupies an energy state greater than its ground state	Excited state
energy involved in adding an electron to an isolated atom in the gas phase (anions)	Electron affinity
substance composed of two or more different elements in a chemical combination.	Compound
subshell quantum number, shape of probability cloud	l
vector sums of bond dipoles	Molecular dipoles
6.02x10^23	Avogadros Number
a physical combination of 2 or more pure substances that are not uniform in appearance	Heterogeneous mixture
electrons will not spin-pair unless no empty orbitals of equal energy are available	Hunds rule
multiple reactants -> single product	Composition Reaction
electro static attraction between ions of opposite charge	Ionic bond
-dont hold their shape -particles not held as tightly as solids -particles very close together -incompressible	Liquid
a wave that reinforces its own existence over time	Standing waves
change in identity (and usually form) of a substance, generally irreversible	Chemical change
magnetic orientation	ml
3.00 x 10^8 m/s	Speed of light

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