Statistics for Individual differences in psychology - key topic questions

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Question	Answer	% Correct
Personality disorders can be difficult to treat because of which one of the following reasons:	Personality disorders are ego-syntonic	75%
Eysenck developed the PEN model, a biological theory of personality which claims:	Personality is best understood through the prism of three factors: Psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism	75%
Narcissistic Personality Disorder would be most accurately described as...	An enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour characterised by self-centeredness, lack of empathy, and an exaggerated sense of self-importance	63%
Charlie and his brother, Luc, are monozygotic twins. They both like to play football, watch sports on TV, and playing sports-related videogames in their free time. Which of the following statements is most accurate?	Luc and Charlie likely inherited some shared propensities that make them both more likely to be drawn to sports	63%
Toby spent his whole life living in a small town full of conservative, small-minded people who are low in agreeableness and low in openness. Toby has heard that there is a city in another country that is full of agreeableness, open-minded people just like him. Which of the following statements are true?	Because of selective migration, Toby may be more likely to move to the city where people have similar values and personalities to himself	50%
There is ample evidence for Howard Gardner's seven independent intelligences. Is this true or false?	False	50%
Matthew and Rohan, are discussing collaborating on a research project which explores the individual differences that influence criminal activity in adolescents. Both agree that focusing exclusively on life outcomes as the data type would be a mistake because	Life outcomes are highly multidetermined	50%
Gaby has a faster-than-light spaceship that allows her to visit societies on other planets. She lands on a planet and quickly encounters an alien named Issy who is extremely rude and selfish. What claim can Gaby reasonably make about Issy?	None of the above: there is not enough information for Gaby to make any of these claims	50%
Criterion validity is?	The degree to which the scale predictively measures the construct	50%
Allport and Odbert (1936) famously invented the lexical hypothesis, which shaped the entire future of personality/individual differences research.	False	38%
According to Kohlberg, a child's moral development moves through three stages in a fixed order: (1) preconventional, (2) conventional, and (3) post-conventional morality. What additional claim did he make about moral development after these stages?	Only 10-15% are capable of engaging in abstract thinking about moral dilemmas	38%
According to empirical evidence on Moral Foundations Theory, liberals and conservatives are most divided on which of the following moral domains?	Sanctity / Degradation	38%
Today, most personality and social psychologists approach research from an "interactionist approach". What does this mean?	That personality and situations "interact" to jointly determine a person's thoughts, feelings, and behaviours	38%
Are there any advantages in exploring individual differences in twins whom have been separated at birth? identify which of the following statements most accurately answers this question:	Twin studies allow researchers to examine the overall role of genes in the development of a trait or disorder	38%
William Chambers finds that as he has gotten older, he has a difficult time making or keeping friends. In the context of heated arguments, his friends often tell him that he is arrogant, self-centred, and just plain strange. Based on this description, it may be the case that:	William has a personality disorder that is comprised of several socially undesirable traits	38%
Which of the big five personality traits was found to predict an increased risk perception for travelling during the global pandemic? (COVID-19)	Conscientiousness	25%
Which of the following options represents one of the three key arguments for interactionism	Different personalities tend to get themselves into different situations	25%
Oscar is currently reading books on how to improve his self-esteem as he has heard it helps create a happy romantic relationship - In what way does it help?	High self-esteem predicts long-term relationship satisfaction	25%
Which of the following Big Five traits is consistently seen across most personality disorders?	Low agreeableness	25%
What are the TWIN sources of personality data within a digital context	Traces, Words, Images, Networks	25%
A psychologist who believes that situation is the key influencing factor on personality, is someone who would most likely argue which of the following?	What we call 'personality' is simply situational consistency	25%
Charles Spearman was the first person to empirically study the structure of mental ability. Which of the following options most accurately describe his concept of intelligence:	Intelligence is a two factor theory involving both general intelligence (G factor) and specific ability intelligence (S factor)	13%
Luke, a University psychology student, has decided to explore authenticity for his third-year dissertation. She wants to use Wood's Authenticity Scale to do so as it is based on which of the following assumptions:	Authenticity to oneself in all contexts is a key indicator of an authentic self	0%
Ben is trying to write an overview of Dimensional trait theories and wants help with the opening line. Which of the following sentences would be the most accurate	Dimensional trait theories offer a reductive approach which assume that behaviour is caused by traits	0%