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PEA life MULTIPLE CHOICE

Quiz by daisygrae
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Last updated: May 29, 2023
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First submittedMay 29, 2023
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1. Approx how many species of land plants have been described?
400,000 ✓
250,000 ✓
100,000 ✓
2. the first plants are believed to be the?
liverworts ✓
glaucophytes ✓
lycophytes ✓
3. which of these characters emerged earliest in the evolution of plants?
seeds ✓
stomata ✓
true roots ✓
4. which of the following gasses is NOT a major contributor to the greenhouse effect?
carbon monoxide ✓
ground level ozone ✓
methane ✓
5. which of the following are not bryophytes?
liverworts ✓
hornworts ✓
stoneworts ✓
6. aspirin is derived from the bark of which tree?
yew ✓
willow ✓
beech ✓
7. which of the following nutrients is not mined or non renewable?
phosphate ✓
nitrate ✓
potassium ✓
8. which of the following is usually considered to be a micronutrient?
potassium ✓
phosphorus ✓
manganese ✓
9. which of the following species has the highest requirement for nitrates?
white clover ✓
stinging nettle ✓
heather ✓
10. which part of a tomato contains chlorogenic acid, ruin and other chemicals that may reduce larval growth?
trichomes ✓
roots ✓
unripe fruit ✓
11. in general, soil phosphate has the highest availability in which soils?
calcareous ✓
acidic ✓
neutral ✓
12. in legumes the first site of root infection by rhizobium is the?
root cortex ✓
root hair ✓
root cap ✓
13. which of the following is exuded by cluster roots of the proteaceae in order to solubilise rock phosphate?
citrate ✓
ammonia ✓
calcium ✓
14. in the leaves of aquatic plants, stomata are generally found on the?
lower surface ✓
upper surface ✓
both ✓
15. which of the following is a feature of the submerged leaves of amphibious plants?
thick cuticle ✓
high stomatal density ✓
a Carbon Concentrating Mechanism (CCM) ✓
16. which of the following genera has sticky surface traps?
utricularia ✓
drosera ✓
heliamphora ✓
17. most of Britain was covered by glacial ice until approx?
12000 yrs ago ✓
6000 yrs ago ✓
18000 yrs ago ✓
18. boreal vegetation is typically composed of?
dwarf shrubs ✓
coniferous trees ✓
deciduous trees ✓
19. cup shaped parabolic reflecting flowers are characteristic of which environment?
rainforest ✓
hot desert ✓
arctic tundra ✓
20. sinigrin is a toxic defence chemical characteristically found in?
conifers ✓
clovers ✓
crucifers ✓
21. in the tropical rainforest epiphytism is an adaption to?
low nutrient status ✓
light limitation ✓
variable water supply ✓
22. which process is not associated with photosynthesis?
carbohydrate oxidised ✓
CO2 fixed ✓
O2 release ✓
23. chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to have been derived from bacteria via which process?
endosymbiosis ✓
parasitism ✓
parallel evolution ✓
24. water usually comprises how much of the fresh weight of fully turgid non woody plant tissues?
5% ✓
90% ✓
40% ✓
25. which carbohydrate is synthesised in chloroplasts and other plastids and not in the cytosol?
glucose ✓
starch ✓
fructose ✓
26. which of the following is more likely to require light for germination?
a small seed eg lettuce ✓
a large seed eg bean ✓
impossible to predict ✓
27. during what is known as the midday depression of photosynthesis in C3 plants stomata close to prevent?
leaf warming ✓
photorespiration ✓
water stress ✓
28. the vapour pressure of water inside the leaf is equivalent to what relative humidity?
50% ✓
75% ✓
100% ✓
29. a typical stomata aperture, measured as a width of the stomatal pore (in micrometers) would be?
50-100 ✓
10-15 ✓
0.1 ✓
30. how much of the water taken up into plant tissues is retained?
50% ✓
5% ✓
90% ✓
31. a rainforest canopy has a high species diversity of mammals, birds and invertebrates mainly because of?
high annual temps ✓
a complex canopy structure ✓
high annual humidity ✓
32. a corridor linking remnant forest patches is generally thought to be useful for?
conserving biodiversity ✓
ease of logging activity ✓
maintaining tree productivity ✓
33. the planting of coniferous forests can acidify soils which in turn can lead to?
clear catchment lake water due to precipitation of humid substances ✓
dissolution of nutrient phosphorus ✓
immobilisation of metallic elements ✓
34. in general, which of the following plant groups exhibit the highest stomatal conductances?
herbaceous crop plants ✓
wild grasses ✓
evergreen conifers ✓
35. evapotranspiration is important to plant survival because?
makes leaves reflective ✓
disseminates the products of photosynthesis around the plant ✓
keeps the leaves cool ✓
36. what proportion of dry matter does plant nitrogen make up?
10-20% ✓
2-4% ✓
1% ✓
37. which of these is a key advantage of heliotropism in an arctic plant?
avoids overheating ✓
prolongs photosynthesis for several weeks ✓
allows seeds to develop in the short summer ✓
38. leaves of plants with 'Krantz anatomy' perform which type of photosynthesis?
CAM ✓
C4 ✓
C3 ✓
39. the current conc of CO2 in the atmosphere in ppm is?
330 ✓
390 ✓
480 ✓
40. which of the following environmental conditions tends to result in stomatal closure?
low CO2 concentration ✓
low humidity ✓
high light intensity ✓
41. which of these crops tends to be more sensitive to ozone pollution?
lettuce ✓
oilseed rape ✓
wheat ✓
42. which aspect of plant cell physiology tends to decrease in response to air pollution?
protein repair and turnover ✓
flavonoid biosynthesis ✓
rubisco content and activity ✓
43. plants tend to show a greater stimulation in growth in response to elevated CO2 when?
soil N content is low ✓
soil N content level is high ✓
atmospheric O3 conc is high ✓
44. what mechanism accounts for accelerated leaf dehydration when plants are concurrently exposed to drought and atmospheric ozone?
ozone accelerates the accumulation of ABA ✓
ozone renders stomata insensitive to ABA ✓
ozone supresses the synthesis of ABA ✓
45. a high leaf boundary layer conductance tends to?
decrease evapotranspiration ✓
increase stomatal conductance ✓
decrease stomatal conductance ✓
46. which of the following is not a major function of calcium?
second messenger ✓
constituent of chlorophyll ✓
constituent of cytoskeleton ✓
47. which of the following elements may specifically become toxic to plants in anaerobic mineral soils?
magnesium ✓
iron ✓
calcium ✓
48. in spring the growth of woodland plants such as red campion is predominately limited by?
light ✓
nutrients ✓
water ✓
49. at which of the following stages of development are plants most vulnerable to abiotic stresses?
juvenile ✓
seedling ✓
reproductive ✓
50. which of the following plant chemicals may inhibit digestion of proteins by herbivores?
cyanide ✓
tannins ✓
alkaloids ✓
51. afforestation can have a very powerful drying effect in catchment soils due to?
excessive water uptake and storage by tree species ✓
movement of water from soil to atmosphere by evapotranspiration ✓
rainfall interception and evaporation within the canopy ✓
52. stomata open at night in CAM plants in response to what internal signal?
increasing CO2 ✓
decreasing CO2 ✓
decreasing temp ✓
53. the enzyme that fixes N in the root nodules of legumes?
nitrate reductase ✓
glutamine synthase ✓
nitrogenase ✓
54. C4 plants are most typical of which of the following habitats?
desert ✓
temperate ✓
tropical ✓
55. which of the following is NOT generally a means of drought avoidance?
perennial life cycle ✓
annual life cycle ✓
deep roots ✓
56. pyrethroids in chrysanthemums act as effective?
insecticides ✓
pheromones ✓
herbicides ✓
57. carnivory is an example of?
divergent evolution ✓
convergent evolution ✓
parallel evolution ✓
58. which of the following grassland biomes is only found in southern latitudes?
pampas ✓
prairie ✓
steppe ✓
59. which of the following traits is most likely to be found in desert plants?
carnivory ✓
ephemeral (short lived) flowers ✓
large leaves ✓
60. the carboxylation processes in C4 plants are?
external to the chloroplasts ✓
temporally separated ✓
spatially separated ✓
61. climatic consequences of change of land use from rainforest to pasture or grassland can potentially?
increase evapotranspiration; decrease surface temp; decrease albedo ✓
reduce evapotranspiration; reduce surface temp; increase albedo ✓
reduce evapotranspiration; increase surface temp; increase albedo ✓
62. a common function of ethylene is to?
delay senescence ✓
promote seed germination ✓
prime rubisco ✓
63. phenology is the study of?
timing of biological events ✓
leaf morphology ✓
root growth ✓
64. the ACi curve is a graph indicating?
net photosynthesis vs net respiration ✓
intercellular CO2 conc vs net respiration ✓
intercellular CO2 conc vs net photosynthesis ✓
65. which term is used to describe plants such as Hay-rattle (rhinanthus minor) which can complete their life cycle independent of a host plant?
obligate parasite ✓
holoparasite ✓
facultative parasite ✓
66. free floating plants such as duckweed are usually restricted to water that is?
eutrophic ✓
oligotrophic ✓
hypertrophic ✓
67. ethnobotany utilises three major groups of plant compounds which are?
triglycerides, terpenes, alkanes ✓
glycosides, terpenes, auxins ✓
glycosides, alkaloids, terpenes ✓
68. in plant nutrition, beneficial elects are regarded as those that?
assist the plant in growth but prevent it from completing its lifecycle ✓
assist the plant in growth but are not necessary for the plant to complete its lifecycle ✓
are required for the plant to complete the vegetative state of its lifecycle ✓
69. wheat plants that suffer from S-deficiency produce flour that is?
reduced in vitamin B12 ✓
reduced in vitamin C ✓
reduced in glutathione ✓
70. magnesium is an essential component of?
chlorophyll ✓
urease ✓
carbonic anhydrase ✓
71. the two important micronutrients involved in the N fixing ability of root nodule bacteria are?
nickel and manganese ✓
cobalt and molybdenum ✓
zinc and iron ✓
72. photorespiration takes place in the following plant cell components?
cytoplasm, chloroplast, ribosome ✓
chloroplasts, mitochondrion and peroxisome ✓
nucleus, mitochondrion, vacuole ✓
73. C3 plants assimilate CO2 at a higher rate at elevated temperature because?
in C4 plants rubisco operates at saturated CO2 levels causing them to be less dependent on ambient CO2 concentrations ✓
C3 plants have higher assimilation rate due to increased temp caused by elevated CO2 levels ✓
in C4 plants increase rates of photorespiration negatively affect photosynthesis ✓
74. in many important food crops, elevated CO2 levels can change above ground tissue quality by?
increasing starch content and decreasing N and protein content ✓
increasing N allocation to roots ✓
decreasing starch content and decreasing N and protein content ✓
75. the range of invasive parasitic crop weed Striga hermenthica (purple witchweed) is predicted to increase in the subtropics as a result of environmental change because?
changing rainfall patterns encourage germination in dormant seeds ✓
larger areas of the subtropics will experience temps above the minimum germinate and growth temp of the plant ✓
elevated CO2 concs will disadvantage the host plants ✓
76. a mutualistic interaction is one where?
both organisms involved benefit from the association ✓
one organism benefits but the other is unaffected ✓
both organisms involved are harmed by the association ✓
77. the change of plant cover from one type of community to another type is called?
dispersion ✓
progression ✓
succession ✓
78. the principal cause of secondary succession is?
new seeds are transported into a grassland ✓
disturbance such as a forest fire ✓
the action of lichens and mosses ✓
79. maintaining the genetic diversity of agricultural crops is important in order to?
prevent disease epidemics ✓
reduce pesticide damage ✓
obtain the highest yields that are possible ✓
80. cacti and euphorbias are found in deserts and look very similar yet are completely unrelated this is an example of?
coevolution ✓
adaptive radiation ✓
convergent evolution ✓
81. secondary metabolites function in plants by?
conferring stress tolerance to plants ✓
increasing photosynthetic rate ✓
making plants unpalatable for herbivores ✓
82. which best describes energy in an ecosystem?
energy in an ecosystem comes from solar energy and enters the trophic pyramid through the producers ✓
energy is recycled back into the lowest trophic levels ✓
biomassss of each trophic level is about 90% of that below ✓
83. a tree interrupts solar energy in a forest canopy restricting access to this resource for the plants that grow on the forest floor. this is an example of?
resource competition ✓
interference competition ✓
limiting factors ✓
84. wood consists of accumulated?
secondary xylem ✓
primary xylem ✓
secondary phloem ✓
85. tree species gown under elevated CO2 concentrations can protect themselves from predation from invertebrates by?
producing more leaf tannins ✓
increasing % leaf water ✓
producing less biomass ✓
86. which of the elemental cycles of carbon, phosphorus, sulphur and potassium do not have an atmospheric component?
carbon and phosphorus ✓
potassium and sulphur ✓
potassium and phosphorus ✓
87. which of the following is least effective in photosynthesis?
green light ✓
blue light ✓
red light ✓
88. under drought stress plants shut down their vital functions in the following order?
respiration, photosynthesis, stomatal opening, leaf growth ✓
photosynthesis , stomatal opening, respiration, growth ✓
leaf growth, stomatal opening, photosynthesis, respiration ✓
89. in primary succession, plant colonisation passes through stages called 'seres' until stabilisation- this point is known as the?
climax succession ✓
plagioclimax succession ✓
end point succession ✓
90. C3 and C4 plants are so called because?
they are the third and 4th type of plant physiologies discovered ✓
the number represents the number of C atoms present In the first carbohydrate photosynthetic product ✓
the numbers represent the efficiency rate of inorganic/organic conversion ✓
91. the boundary between adjacent biomes is called an ecotone. these are important for plant biodiversity because?
they act as a barrier to protect the biodiversity in a biome ✓
they may contain species that are not present in the adjacent biomes ✓
they can prevent one biome from encroaching on another ✓
92. a north-south transect across the Sahel in Africa, demonstrates a biome shift from tropical rainforest through Savannah to hot desert, this is primarily a result of?
a dramatic reduction in precipitation fro south to north ✓
a combination of temp change and strong prevailing winds ✓
overgrazing and land use due to population pressure ✓
93. the 2 major factors that control the distribution of plants are?
temp and precipitation ✓
temp and soil type ✓
precipitation and soil type ✓
94. globally, what percentage of terrestrial plants are C4 plants?
50% ✓
20% ✓
5% ✓
95. what statement bets describes an aspect of heathland?
heathland needs to be managed to prevent succession to woodland and/or invasion by bracken and grassland ✓
heathland is a natural habitat and needs to be protected from invasive species ✓
heathland soils are generally alkaline and nutrient rich and plant growth is slow ✓
96. multiple cropping oats or barley with vetch or peas as a mixed forage crop are advantageous because?
the legume enriches the protein of the feed and the cereal supplies the bulk of the carbohydrates and supports the weak stemmed legume ✓
the 2 crops do not compete for light, water or mineral nutrients ✓
the yield of each of the 2 crops can be higher than if they were grown individually ✓
97. what is the best definition of an ecotype?
specific types of plants and individuals ✓
specific types of plants and animals that live together ✓
individuals adapted to a specific community ✓
98. the plant species richness of a hay meadow tends to be lower when available N is abundant because?
excess N disrupts the mycorrhizal association between the plant species and the fungal species ✓
excess N favours competitive species which then dominate and less competitive plants do not thrive ✓
many plant species will not grow when N conc are higher in soil ✓
99. a mycorrhizal association is beneficial to both fungal and plant partner because?
the plant provides carbohydrate and the fungus provides moisture and stability ✓
the plant provides carbohydrate and the fungus provides P ✓
the plant provides P and fungus provides carbohydrate ✓
100. the 3 crops with the highest global production are?
wheat, potato, cassava ✓
cane sugar, wheat, sorghum ✓
cane sugar, maize, rice ✓
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