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Answer
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Contemporary of Darwin, independently proposed evolution theory.
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alfred wallace
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Homologous structures indicate shared ancestry; vestigial structures show evolutionary remnants; Analogous structures serve same function, but structure is vastly different.
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comparative anatomy
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Changes in allele frequencies within a population over generations.
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microevolution
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1. No mutations 2. Random mating 3. No natural selection 4. Large population size 5. No gene flow
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conditions for hardy-weinberg equilibrium
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Random allele frequency changes due to chance events.
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genetic drift
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Population size reduction leading to loss of genetic diversity.
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bottleneck effect
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New population with different allele frequencies from small group colonization.
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flounder effect
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A force that tends to reduce differences between populations when: - population gains or loses alleles - gametes are transferred between populations
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gene flow
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Proposed evolution by natural selection, influenced by HMS Beagle voyage.
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charles darwin
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Influenced Darwin with theory on population growth and resources.
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thomas malthius
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Process favoring traits for survival and reproduction, leading to adaptation.
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natural selection
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Selective breeding by humans for desired traits in organisms.
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artificial selection
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Shows past life forms and evolutionary transitions in sedimentary rock layers.
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fossil record and strata
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Similarities in embryonic development suggest common ancestry.
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comparative embryology
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DNA and protein sequences reveal evolutionary relationships.
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molecular biology
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Group capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
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species
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Individuals of the same species in the same area, interbreeding.
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population
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Total alleles in a population at a specific time.
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gene pool
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Large-scale evolutionary patterns like new species origins.
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macroevolution
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Allele frequencies in a non-evolving population; governed by specific conditions.
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hardy-weinberg equilibrium
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Provide new genetic variation for natural selection.
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role of mutations in evolution
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Favoring genetic diversity through heterozygote advantage.
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hybrid advantage
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Genetic variation without selective advantage or disadvantage.
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neutral variation
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Stabilizing, directional, and disruptive selection favoring different phenotypes.
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selection types
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Favors intermediate phenotypes, reducing variation
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stabilizing selection
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Shifts the population towards one extreme phenotype
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directional selection
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Favors both extremes of a phenotypic range
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disruptive selection
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Distinct appearance differences between male and female of a species.
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sexual dimorphism
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Competition within the same sex for mating opportunities.
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intrasexual selection
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Competition within the same sex for mating opportunities.
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intersexual selection
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Traits acquired during life not inherited by offspring.
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acquired characteristics
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