Hint
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Answer
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Contraction: Compress abdomen, flex and rotate trunk Origin: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, Thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: Inferior margins of 10th to 12th rib, linea alba, pecten pubis
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Internal Obliques
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Contraction: Compress abdomen, flex, laterally flex, rotate trunk Origin: External surfaces and inferior borders of 5th to 12th rib
Insertion: ASIS, anterior half of iliac crest, pubic crest, pubic tubercule, linea alba
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External Obliques
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Contraction: Flex lumbar spine, compress abdomen
Origin: Pubic symphysis and pubic crest
Insertion: Xiphoid process of sternum and the costal cartilages of ribs 5th to 7th
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Rectus Abdominus
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Contraction: Compress abdomen providing thoracic and pelvic stability
Origin: Costal cartilages of 7th to 12th rib, Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: Linea alba and pubic crest, pecten pubis
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Transversus abdominus
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Contraction: Stabilises vertebrae column, extends neck
Origin: PSIS, dorsal surface of sacrum, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, articular processes of C4-C7 vertebrae.
Insertion: Spinous processes of lumbar, thoracic and cervical vertebrae
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Multifidus
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Hint
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Answer
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Contraction: Extends and laterally flexes trunk, stabilises twelfth rib during inspiration
Origin: Posterior half of Iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
Insertion: Inferior border of 12th rib, transverse processes of 1st to 4th lumbar vertebrae
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Quadratus Lumborum
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Contraction: Extends and laterally flexes trunk
Origin: Spinous processes of T11-L3 vertebrae
Insertion: Spinous processes of T2-T8 vertebrae.
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Spinalis
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Contraction: Extends and laterally flexes trunk
Origin: Spinous processes of L1-L5 vertebrae, dorsal surface of sacrum, iliac crest
Insertion: Transverse processes of lumbar and thoracic vertebrae, and 2nd to 12th ribs
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Longissimus
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Contraction: Extends and laterally flexes trunk
Origin: Angles of 7th to 12th ribs
Insertion: Angles of first to sixth ribs
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Iliocostalis
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