Description
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Term
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Those two things that must both increase for economic growth to be sustained, in alphabetical order
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Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
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A market-based supply-side policy in which restrictions on the free market of labour such as trade unions are reduced or removed
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Labour Market Reform
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That which is generally a bad thing as it results in lower consumption than could have been possible, and thus lower living standards than could have been possible
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Current Account Surplus
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The two flows from households to firms in the circular flow, in alphabetical order
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Expenditure and Factor Services
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That type of policy, the primary concern of which is in regards to the government budget deficit or surplus and the taxation and spending that created it
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Fiscal Policy
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That which in terms of GDP can be seen as the gap between actual real gross domestic product and potential real gross domestic product (trend growth)
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Output Gap
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A measure of output per unit of capital
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Capital Productivity
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That which will increase when total injections exceed total withdrawals in the circular flow
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Real Gross Domestic Product
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That body, influence in the form of voting power at which is much affected by a country's economic growth
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International Monetary Fund
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Where an economy is producing below maximum potential output, resulting in unemployment and spare capacity
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Negative Output Gap
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One of the three pairs between withdrawal and injection, relating to consumers and firms
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Investment and Saving
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The average rate of economic growth that is sustainable over a period of time without causing inflation
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Trend Rate of Growth
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Those policies that often take the form of government investment, such as in infrastructure, research, education, and support for firms via grants, consultancy, &c.
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Interventionist Supply-side Policies
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One of the three pairs between withdrawal and injection, relating to foreign trade
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Imports and Exports
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That which the Bank of England believes to be the long-run sustainable unemployment rate
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5%
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That a rise in which would incentivise firms to move savings into sterling, thus increasing demand for and thus the exchange rate of sterling
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Interest Rate
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A prolonged slump where real gross domestic product falls by more than 10% from the peak of the trade cycle to the trough
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Depression
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That, which investment in would cause economic growth by providing firms the communication and transport networks vital for production and trade
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Infrastructure
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That, the opportunity cost of which is to forego more consumer goods in the short term, much more noticeable in developing countries due to the small amount of existing spare capacity
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Investment
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The two types of demand-side policy in alphabetical order
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Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy
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