Hint
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Answer
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What is the behaviour of a lamp
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As current increases, temperature and resistance increase significantly
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Give an application of a Diode
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Converting AC to DC
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Give an application of an LED
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Efficient lighting
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Give an application of a Thermistor
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Temperature sensor e.g. in a thermostat for controlling heating
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Give an application of an LDR
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Light sensor e.g. streetlamps
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Give Kirchoffs 1st law (current circuit rule)
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Total current entering a junction is equal to total current leaving a junction
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Kirchoff's First Law is based upon the conservation of...
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Charge
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Rule for current in series
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Same for each component
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Rule for current in parallel
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Depends on the total resistance of each loop
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Rule for pd in series
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Depends of the resistance of each component. gets shared across all of the components so V = V1+ V2...
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Rule for pd in parallel
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Same for each branch/loop
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Give Kirchoffs 2nd law (PD circuit rule)
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Sum of the EMFs is equal to the sum of the potential differences around a single loop
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Kirchoff's Second Law is based upon the conservation of....
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Energy
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How to calulcatie total resistance of resistors in series
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Sum of the individual resistances
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How to calulcatie total resistance of n identical resistors in series
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n x R
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How to calulcatie total resistance of n identical resistors in parallel
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R ÷ n
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How to calulcatie total resistance of resistors in parallel
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1/RT=1/R1+1/R2...
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How does adding a resistor in series affect the total resistance
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Always increases the total resistance
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How does adding a resistor in parallel affect the total resistance
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Always decreases the total resistance
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What is the total EMF of two cells that are connected the same way around
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Their EMFs are added
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What is the total EMF If cells are connected in opposite directions
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The total EMF is the difference between their EMFs. If they have the same magnitude EMF, the total EMF = 0
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What is the effect of connecting two identical resistors in parallel
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Resistance is halved
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What is the effect of connecting two identical resistors in series
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Resistance is doubled
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The ratio of the pds in a potential divider is the same ratio as
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the resistances
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Describe a potential divider
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Two or more resistors in series with a fixed source of EMF
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Define lost volts
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The pd dropped across the internal resistance
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Define internal resistance
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The opposition to current created by the charge carriers having to flow through the source of EMF
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Define terminal pd
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The work done per unit charge supplied to the load resistance
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How can you calculate the current supplied by a cell that has internal resistance
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Equal to the EMF divided by the total resistance in the circuit (internal resistance + load resistance)
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How does the power wasted by heating the internal resistance relate to the current?
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Proportional to the square of the current being supplied
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As the current drawn from a source increases what happens to the PD
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The terminal/output pd falls
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What is found in a light sensing circuit?
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A potential divider containing an LDR
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What is found in a temperature sensing circuit?
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A potential divider containing a thermistor
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If the resistance of a component in a potential divider falls what happens to the PD
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The pd across it decreases
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Share of the total pd across each resistor in a potential divider is equal to
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its share of the total resistance
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Write equation for EMF in a circuit with one resistor and one cell with internal resistance
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E = V + Ir so V = -Ir + E where y = mx + c
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The y-intercept of an output pd against current graph is equal to
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EMF
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The gradient of an output pd against current graph is equal to
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Internal resistance, r
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