Microbiology Quiz #6

Diseases which gradually increase in occurrence frequency above endemic level but not to epidemic level

Which type of penetration involves degrading complexes between cells and attacking the extracellular matrix?

Increase in disease occurrence within large population over wide region (usually worldwide)

Period after pathogen entry, before signs and symptoms

Which type of penetration by a pathogen would spread into skin lesions / wounds, insect / animal bites

When a disease is transmitted from animals to humans

What state are you in if you are carrying a pathogen but showing no symptoms?

Who invented the first vaccine?

Vaccine containing entire pathogen inactivated e.g. with formaldehyde

When a large enough proportion of the population has acquired immunity to a pathogen, susceptible individuals are protected due to reduced transmission

Soluble, heat-labile, proteins that are secreted into surroundings as pathogen grows

Period where signs and symptoms begin to disappear

What is the only human disease to be eradicated?

The result obtained when vaccine stimulates immunity

Science that evaluates occurrence, determinants, distribution, and control of health and disease in a defined human population

Physical interaction between source/reservoir and host, disease spreading person to person

Which type of intracellular pathogens only grow when inside cells

The degree or intensity of disease a pathogen can cause

Number of pathogens that will infect 50% of an experimental group of hosts in a specified time

Disease that maintains a relatively steady low-level frequency at a moderately regular interval

Period with onset of signs and symptoms not clear enough for diagnosis

Dose that kills 50% of experimental animals within a specified period

Disease that occurs occasionally and at irregular intervals

Which type of intracellular pathogens grow within or outside cells

A preparation of microbial antigens used to induce protective immunity

Vaccines containing mRNA

Involves scratching scab material from someone with a mild case of smallpox and using it to inoculate scratch in the skin to intentionally cause disease

Living organisms that transmit pathogens

Period disease is most severe, signs and symptoms

Mixed with antigens in vaccines to enhance the rate and degree of immunization

Heat stable components of the pathogen that exert effects in the host when the pathogen lyses or divides

Vaccines containing pathogens that can replicate but only weakly compared to wildtype

Vaccine response causing neutralising antibodies that inactivate extracellular pathogen

The ability of a pathogen to spread to adjacent tissues

Vaccine response which kills cells that have been infected with intracellular pathogen

The ability of a microbe to cause disease

Sudden, unexpected occurrence of disease, usually focal or in a limited segment of population

What do some pathogens create which allows them to infect as an airbourne illness? (Examples :Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium species)

Sudden increase in frequency of disease above expected number

Disease spreading via an infected intermediate, as opposed to person-person transmission

Name for a disease in babies who are born with an infectious disease

Vaccine containing purified antigen from pathogen

Stimulate T-cells to release cytokines and can trigger cytokine storm – multiple organ failure