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Hint
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Answer
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Hippocrates' Theory
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4 humours
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Theory that disease is caused by bad air
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Miasma
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Who were the medics trained at university who used urine charts and astrology?
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Physicians
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Who made up medicines and had limited training?
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Apothecaries
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Who performed basic surgery?
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Barber-surgeons
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Who knew about herbal remedies and delivered babies?
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Wise women
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What percentage of Middle Age hospitals actually cared for the sick?
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10
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What were public baths called?
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Stewes
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Which places had the best public health facilities?
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Monasteries
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When did the Black Death come to England?
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1348
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What percentage of the English population died of the Black Death?
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40
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Name the problem with surgery beginning with P
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Pain
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Name the problem with surgery beginning with I
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Infection
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Name the problem with surgery beginning with B
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Blood loss
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Name the problem with surgery beginning with A
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Anatomical understanding
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What issue did John of Arderne pioneer surgery for?
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Anal fistulas
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How successful were his surgeries?
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50%
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What was the name of the Islamic library that stored information from the Greeks and Romans?
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House of Wisdom
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Where was the hospital that trained doctors in the Islamic world?
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Baghdad
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What was the name of Rhazes' book?
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Doubts about Galen
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Who invented the printing press (1450)?
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Johannes Gutenburg
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Who discovered the symptoms of smallpox, and built a hospital in the part of the city where meat was slowest to rot?
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Rhazes
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What book did Avicenna write?
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Canon of Medicine
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Who was the first person to perform human dissections? (At Padua University)
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Andreas Vesalius
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What book was written by ^^ and illustrated by Leonardo Da Vinci (1543)?
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On the Fabric of the Human Body
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In over how many ways did he prove Galen wrong?
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200
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Where did Galen believe blood was made?
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Liver
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Who discovered that the heart is a pump?
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William Harvey
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What did Ambroise Paré use to tie blood vessels?
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Ligatures
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What was previously used to seal blood vessels?
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Cauterisation
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What were people with no medical training selling supposed cures called?
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Quack doctors
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Who wrote standard medical textbook Medical Observations (1676)?
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Thomas Sydenham
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What was the attitude of the government, meaning that they didn't interfere in the lives of the people?
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Laissez-faire
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When did the Great Plague hit London?
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1665
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Who identified plague victims?
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Searches
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Who prevented victims from leaving their houses?
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Watchmen
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Who cleaned the streets?
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Rakers
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What were the lists of death made in each parish called?
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Bills of Mortality
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What was it called when the monasteries closed down?
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Dissolution
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How many new hospitals were built in London 1720-1750?
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5
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How many patients could be dealt with annually in London by 1800?
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20 000
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What theory did Louis Pasteur prove?
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Germ Theory
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What is it called when you heat liquids so the germs die?
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Pasteurisation
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When was the microscope invented by Lister?
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1826
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When was germ theory published?
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1861
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Who publicly defended it?
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John Tyndall
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Who disagreed with him?
|
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Charles Bastian
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What bacterium did Koch discover in 1875?
|
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Anthrax
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What animals did Koch use to discover bacteria that caused diseases?
|
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Mice
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Which bacterium did Koch discover in 1878?
|
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Septicaemia
|
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Name one successful patent medicine of the 1800s.
|
|
Aspirin
|
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Name one dangerous patent medicine of the 1800s.
|
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Laudanum
|
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Which places provided free advice and medicine to the poor in the Industrial Revolution?
|
|
Dispensaries
|
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Who made nursing more respectable and opened a nursing school in 1860?
|
|
Florence Nightingale
|
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When was the Poor Law Act that led to more hospitals being built?
|
|
1867
|
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Which PETHATS area did John Hunter affect?
|
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Training
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What kind of surgery did Hunter perform?
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Radical
|
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What did he use this technique to remove?
|
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Knee aneurysm
|
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Name a student of Hunter.
|
|
Edward Jenner
|
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Who was the first Englishwoman to qualify as a doctor?
|
|
Elizabeth Garrett-Anderson
|
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Where was inoculation brought to England from?
|
|
Turkey
|
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When was the first vaccine developed by Edward Jenner for smallpox?
|
|
1796
|
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What disease did Jenner use in the vaccines?
|
|
Cowpox
|
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Who did he experiment on?
|
|
James Phipps
|
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Who published a report in 1842 called "On the living conditions of the labouring population"?
|
|
Edwin Chadwick
|
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Name Chadwick's key point (clean __ __)
|
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Drinking water
|
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Name Chadwick's key point (clean the __)
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|
Streets
|
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Name Chadwick's key point (remove __)
|
|
Sewage
|
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Name Chadwick's key point (appoint a __ __)
|
|
Medical officer
|
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When was the first Public Health Act?
|
|
1848
|
|
When did John Snow prove that cholera was waterborne?
|
|
1854
|
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When was the Great Stink?
|
|
1858
|
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Who was in charge of building London's sewers?
|
|
Joseph Bazalgette
|
|
When was the second Public Health Act?
|
|
1875
|
|
Name the first proper anaesthetic.
|
|
Nitrous Oxide
|
|
Name the second anaesthetic.
|
|
Ether
|
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Who developed chloroform?
|
|
James Simpson
|
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When was chloroform developed?
|
|
1847
|
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Who used chloroform during childbirth?
|
|
Queen Victoria
|
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Who designed the chloroform inhaler in 1848?
|
|
John Snow
|
|
Who died from inhaling too much chloroform during a surgery to remove a toenail?
|
|
Hannah Greener
|
|
When was the sewer system of London completed?
|
|
1865
|
|
How many patients died from surgery before Lister?
|
|
46%
|
|
What did Lister use to make surgery safer by killing germs?
|
|
Carbolic acid
|
|
What kind of surgery did Joseph Lister encourage?
|
|
Antiseptic
|
|
What did the death rate in surgery fall to?
|
|
16%
|
|
What was Lister's antiseptic surgery replaced by in the 1890s?
|
|
Aseptic surgery
|
|
What was the name of the first magic bullet?
|
|
Salvarsan 606
|
|
Who developed it?
|
|
Paul Ehrlich
|
|
What did it target?
|
|
Syphilis
|
|
What was the second magic bullet, developed by Domagk in 1932?
|
|
Prontosil
|
|
Who discovered penicillin's uses?
|
|
Alexander Fleming
|
|
Who developed it into a drug?
|
|
Florey and Chain
|
|
When did it start to be mass produced? (For WWII)
|
|
1944
|
|
What kind of drug was penicillin?
|
|
Antibiotic
|
|
What was the structure of DNA?
|
|
Double helix
|
|
Who researched DNA using X-Ray crystallography?
|
|
Rosalind Franklin
|
|
Which team used this work to find the structure of DNA?
|
|
Watson and Crick
|
|
Who made reports on poverty after the Boer War recruitment showed how unfit the population was?
|
|
Booth and Rowntree
|
|
1902 Liberal Reform
|
|
Midwives act
|
|
1906 Liberal Reform
|
|
Free school meals
|
|
1908 liberal reform
|
|
Pensions
|
|
1911 liberal reform
|
|
National insurance
|
|
When did the NHS open?
|
|
1948
|
|
Who discovered blood groups in 1901?
|
|
Karl Landsteiner
|
|
What did this enable?
|
|
Blood transfusions
|
|
Who developed plastic surgery techniques for burns victims?
|
|
Harold Gillies
|
|
Who developed the 1914 mobile X-ray machine?
|
|
Marie Curie
|
|
When was the first kidney transplant?
|
|
1954
|
|
What kind of surgery uses very small incisions?
|
|
Keyhole
|
|
What kind of surgery joins tiny blood vessels and nerves for neural surgery and hand transplants?
|
|
Microsurgery
|
|
Who developed the X-ray in 1895?
|
|
William Rontgen
|
|
What medicine involves therapies like hypno, aroma, acupuncture and homeopathy?
|
|
Alternative
|
