Definition
|
Answer
|
A length of DNA that codes for one (or more) polypeptides
|
Gene
|
The entire DNA sequence of an organism
|
Genome
|
The creation of a single stranded mRNA copy of the DNA coding strand
|
Transcription
|
A polymer consisting of a chian of amino acid residues joined together by peptide bonds
|
Polypeptide
|
A large polypeptide
|
Protein
|
A change in the amount of or arrangement of the genetic material in a cell
|
Mutation
|
An alternative version of a gene
|
Allele
|
Changes to in the nucleotide base sequences in DNA
|
DNA mutations
|
Changes to parts of or whole chromosomes
|
Chromosome mutations
|
Genes that control the development of the body plan of an organism, including the polarity and positioning of the organs
|
Homeobox genes
|
The assembly of polypeptides at ribosomes
|
Translation
|
A triplet of nucleotide bases
|
Codon
|
A length of DNA next to the structural genes in the lac operon
|
Operator region
|
The enzyme produced as a result of the transcription and translation of the Z stuructural gene in the lac operon
|
β-galactosidase
|
The enzyme produced as a result of the transcription and translation of the Y stuructural gene in the lac operon
|
Lactose permease
|
A length of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to begin the transcription of the structural genes, Z and Y
|
Promoter region
|
A protein that can bind to the operator region to stop the structural genes from being transcribed and translated
|
Repressor protein
|
A molecule that triggers the production of the two enzymes coded for by the lac operon
|
Inducer (lactose)
|
The clusters in which the genes from question 10 are arranged
|
Hox clusters
|
Programmed cell death
|
Apoptosis
|
A reduction division which produces 4 genetically different cells with the haploid number of chromosomes for the organism
|
Meiosis
|
The cells produced as a result of this type of cell division
|
Gametes
|
The points at which non-sister chromatids attach
|
Chiasmata
|
The swapping of sections of DNA between non-sister chromatids
|
Crossing over
|
Unprogrammed, untidy and damaging cell death
|
Necrosis
|
A type of allele that is always expressed in the phenotype
|
Dominant
|
A type of allele that is only expressed in the phenotype in the presence of another identical allele
|
Recessive
|
Alleles that both contribute to the phenotype
|
Codominant
|
An organism that has two of the same alleles of a gene
|
Homozygote
|
An organism that has two different alleles of the same gene
|
Heterozygote
|
The interaction of different gene loci so that one gene locus masks or suppresses the expression of another gene locus
|
Epistasis
|