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Biochemistry

Quiz by mblessing21
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Last updated: April 24, 2024
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First submittedApril 24, 2024
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1. Which of the following is not an organelle?
Nucleus ✓
Plasma membrane ✓
Golgi complex ✓
Mitochondria ✓
Chloroplast ✓
2. Metabolism is best defined as the ___________.
Reactions that synthesize and degrade molecules in living cells ✓
Reactions of living cells ✓
Reactions that degrade molecules in living cells ✓
Conversion of food molecules to energy ✓
Reactions that synthesize large molecules in living cells ✓
3. The following is an example of which reaction class? CH3Br + HSCH2CH(NH2)COOH ---> CH3SCH2CH(NH2)COOH + Br- + H+
Isomerization ✓
Elimination ✓
Oxidation/Reduction ✓
Substitution ✓
Addition ✓
4. Which of the following is not one of the 6 most common elements found in life?
Hydrogen ✓
Phosphorus ✓
Nitrogen ✓
Oxygen ✓
All of the above are basic elements of life ✓
5. Which of the following amino acids contain a hydrophobic side chain?
Leucine ✓
Glutamic Acid ✓
Aspartic Acid ✓
Arginine ✓
Glutamine ✓
6. Which of the following is not true of life?
Life is complex and dynamic ✓
All living things produce energy using mitochondria ✓
Life is information based ✓
Life adapts and evolves ✓
Life is cellular ✓
7. Which of the following is not an example of a macromolecule?
Amino Acid ✓
Polysaccharide ✓
Nucleic acid ✓
Protein ✓
Enzyme ✓
8. The excluded volume of a cell varies between _______ and ________%.
5-10 ✓
40-50 ✓
20-40 ✓
0-5 ✓
10-20 ✓
9. Which of the following is present only in prokaryotic cells?
Endoplasmic reticulum ✓
None of the above is correct ✓
Nucleus ✓
Nucleolus ✓
Plasma membrane ✓
10. Which of the following is a hydronium ion?
OH- ✓
HOOH ✓
H4O++ ✓
CH3OH2+ ✓
H3O+ ✓
11. The most important buffer in blood?
Phosphate buffer ✓
Tartrate buffer ✓
Carbonate/bicarbonate buffer ✓
Protein buffer ✓
Lactate buffer ✓
12. Which of the following is not a class of amino acid?
Basic ✓
Nonpolar and neutral ✓
Asymmetric ✓
Acidic ✓
Polar and neutral ✓
13. The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is referred to as _________ structure.
Primary ✓
Tertiary ✓
Quaternary ✓
Peptide ✓
Secondary ✓
14. The overall three-dimensional structure of a polypeptide is referred to as _________ structure.
Secondary ✓
Peptide ✓
Tertiary ✓
Quaternary ✓
Primary ✓
15. B-pleated sheets are associated with what level of protein structure?
Tertiary ✓
Primary ✓
Quaternary ✓
Secondary ✓
Peptide ✓
16. Which of the following classes of enzymes catalyze reactions involving the cleavage of bonds by the addition of water?
Hydrolase ✓
Ligase ✓
Transferase ✓
Lyase ✓
Isomerase ✓
17. In the Lineweaver-Burk double reciprocal plot the slope is equal to ____________.
1/V ✓
-1/Km ✓
1/[S] ✓
1/Vmax ✓
Km/Vmax ✓
18. Catalysts are effective because they ___________.
A. decrease the rate of the reverse reaction ✓
B. decrease the activation energy of a reaction ✓
D. increase the energy released during a reaction ✓
C. stabilize the transition state ✓
E. both B and C are correct ✓
19. In addition to serine and aspartate which of the following amino acids is a member of the serine triad?
Glycine ✓
Histidine ✓
Glutamine ✓
Threonine ✓
Tyrosine ✓
20. Which of the following sugars contains a B-1,4-linkage?
Amylose ✓
Glucose ✓
Cellulose ✓
Maltose ✓
Sucrose ✓
21. In glycoproteins carbohydrate is most often linked to threonine, asparagine or ___________.
aspartic acid ✓
serine ✓
valine ✓
lysine ✓
tyrosine ✓
22. Lactose intolerance arises from ____________.
the inability of intestinal enzymes to cleave the lactose ✓
bacteria in the intestine that produce toxic metabolites ✓
an allergic reaction to glucose ✓
a sensitivity to galactose ✓
a sensitivity to glucose ✓
23. The principal structural carbohydrate of plants is ______________.
Starch ✓
Glycogen ✓
Cellulose ✓
Amylose ✓
Xylulose ✓
24. Which of the following amino acids is not one of the twenty standard amino acids?
Phenylalanine ✓
Tyrosine ✓
Arginine ✓
Cystine ✓
Glycine ✓
25. Which of the following is a hydrophobic amino acid?
Glycine ✓
Both C and D are hydrophobic ✓
Serine ✓
Phenylalanine ✓
Lysine ✓
26. Which of the following amino acids would be classified as a nonstandard amino acid?
Lysine ✓
Tyrosine ✓
Glycine ✓
Arginine ✓
Cystine ✓
27. Why is the peptide bond stronger than the ester bond?
Increased basicity of nitrogen ✓
Resonance stabilization of the amide bond ✓
Size of nitrogen atom compared to the oxygen atom ✓
Greater electronegativity of oxygen ✓
Greater electronegativity of nitrogen ✓
28. Which of the following interactions does not stabilize tertiary structure?
Covalent bonds ✓
None of the above ✓
Electrostatic interactions ✓
Hydrogen bonds ✓
Hydrophobic interactions ✓
29. Which of the following is not a class of amino acid?
Acidic ✓
Asymmetric ✓
Basic ✓
Nonpolar and neutral ✓
Polar and neutral ✓
30. Which is more stable and why? i. anti-parallel B-sheets ii. parallel B-sheets iii. there is no stability difference iv. the H-bond donors and acceptors line up straight across from each other v. the H-bond donors and acceptors are slightly offset from each other
i, v ✓
i, iv ✓
i, ii, iii ✓
ii, v ✓
ii, iv ✓
31. Double headed curved arrows show the movement of what?
Two e-'s ✓
Functional groups ✓
Two protons ✓
A single proton ✓
Single e- ✓
32. Fatty acids are referred to as __________ groups.
Acetyl ✓
Acyl ✓
Isopentenyl ✓
Prenyl ✓
Isoprenoid ✓
33. The double bonds in naturally occurring fatty acids are usually ____________ isomers.
Trans ✓
Essential ✓
Cis ✓
Both cis and trans ✓
Nonessential ✓
34. Phospholipids are
A. Structural components of membranes ✓
D. All of the above are correct ✓
C. Rich energy sources ✓
E. Both A and B are correct ✓
B. Surface active agents ✓
35. Which of the following molecules is not a lipid?
Isoprenoids ✓
Fatty acids ✓
Waxes ✓
All of the above are lipids ✓
Steroids ✓
36. Energy requiring transport mechanisms include
A. Diffusion ✓
B. Facilitate diffusion ✓
C. Primary active transport ✓
D. Both A and C are correct ✓
E. Both A and B are correct ✓
37. FADH2 is a product of which of the following reactions?
Succinyl-CoA --> Succinate ✓
Succinate --> Malate ✓
Malate --> Oxaloacetate ✓
Pyruvate --> Acetyl CoA ✓
Succinate --> Fumarate ✓
38. The regulated enzymes of the citric acid cycle include _____________.
Fumarase ✓
Malate dehydrogenase ✓
Citrate lyase ✓
a-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase ✓
Succinate thiokinase ✓
39. Redox potential is best defined as
The tendency of one species to gain electrons ✓
None of the above is correct ✓
The entropy of a reaction expressed as a voltage difference ✓
The tendency of a species to gain or lose electrons ✓
The tendency of one species to lose electrons ✓
40. Which of the following reacts with Acetyl-CoA to form citrate?
Oxaloacetate ✓
Succinate ✓
Fumarate ✓
Malate ✓
a-Ketoglutarate ✓
41. Which of the following reactions requires GDP?
Malate --> Oxaloacetate ✓
Fumarate --> Malate ✓
Citrate --> Isocitrate ✓
Succinyl-CoA --> Succinate ✓
a-Ketoglutarate --> Succinyl-CoA ✓
42. Which of the following is required for the conversion of UDP-glucose to glycogen?
A. Branching enzyme ✓
C. Glucose phosphorylase ✓
B. Glycogen synthase ✓
D. Debranching enzyme ✓
E. Both A and B are correct ✓
43. Glucose-6-phosphate is a substrate in which of the following processes?
D. Photosynthesis ✓
C. Glycogenolysis ✓
Both A and B are correct ✓
A. Gluconeogenesis ✓
B. Glycolysis ✓
44. In glycolysis __________ net moles of ATP are produce per mole of glucose consumed.
one ✓
two ✓
three ✓
four ✓
five ✓
45. In glycolysis _________ moles of NADH are produced per mole of glucose consumed.
one ✓
two ✓
three ✓
four ✓
five ✓
46. The presence of which of the following molecules indicates that the cell has sufficient energy reserves?
A. ATP ✓
B. Citrate ✓
C. ADP ✓
D. F1,6P ✓
E. Both A and B are correct ✓
47. Which of the following enzymes catalyzes an irreversible process?
Pyruvate kinase ✓
Aldolase ✓
Enolase ✓
Phosphoglycerate mutase ✓
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ✓
48. In anaerobic organisms pyruvate is used to regenerate cellular __________.
NADP+ ✓
FADH ✓
FAD ✓
NAD+ ✓
ADP ✓
49. Which of the following describes the low of genetic information as stated in the central dogma of molecular biology?
RNA --> Protein --> DNA ✓
DNA --> RNA --> Protein ✓
DNA --> Protein --> RNA ✓
Protein --> RNA --> DNA ✓
None of the above is correct ✓
50. The DNA "backbone" is composed of
An amide bond between deoxyribose and a nitrogenous base ✓
A glycosidic bond between deoxyribose and a nitrogenous baes ✓
A phosphodiester bond between 3' and 5' hydroxyl groups of adjacent deoxyribose residues ✓
A phosphodiester bond between 2' and 5' hydroxyl groups of adjacent deoxyribose residues ✓
None of the above is correct ✓
51. Which of the following does not contribute to the noncovalent interactions that stabilize the helical strands of DNA?
Hydrophobic interactions ✓
Phosphodiester bonds ✓
Hydrogen bonds ✓
Base stacking ✓
Hydration ✓
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