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Description:
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Key Term:
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Thick but light crust (with continents on)
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Continental Crust
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Thin but dense crust ( with the ocean on top)
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Oceanic Crust
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Two plates moving towards each other (type of boundary)
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Destructive Boundary
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Two plates moving away from eachother
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Constructive Boundary
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Two plates moving against/passing eachother
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Conservative Boundary
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Where one plate is pushed under another
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Subduction Zone
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The point underground where an earthquake originates
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Focus
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The point on Earth's surface, above the focus, where the shaking is the most strong
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Epicentre
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Circular air movements called cells that make up the overall circulation of the Earth's atmosphere
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Global Atmospheric Circulation
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Air that is sinking towards the ground (e.g. sub-tropical high 30 degrees North and South
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High Air Pressure
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Air that is rising from the ground (e.g. equatorial low)
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Low Air Pressure
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A tropical storm formed over seas that have a temperature of over 27 degrees and windspeeds of over 75mph
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Typhoon/Hurricane/Cyclone
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The force generated by the spinning of the Earth
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Coriolis Effect
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Turning from a gas into a liquid
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Condensation
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Turning from a liquid into a gas
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Evaporation
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A rising of the sea due to the wind and low pressure of a storm
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Storm Surge
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A change in the regular patterns of climate
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Climate Change
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3 Distinct cycles the orbit of the Earth experiences
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Milankovitch Cycles
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Dark patches on the surface of the sun that give out more heat
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Sunspots
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The cooling of the atmosphere due to volcanoes erupting ash which blocks out the sun
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Volcanic Winter
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Increased volume of greenhouse gas retains more heat in the atmosphere leading to global warming
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Greenhouse Effect
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Non-renewable energy sources (coal, oil and natural gas) which are burnt to produce electricity
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Fossil Fuels
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When countries around the world agree to work together to reduce climate change
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International Agreements
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The volume of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by an individual or organisation
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Carbon Footprint
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A natural system made up of plants, animals and the environment
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Ecosystem
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The living features of an ecosystem
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Biotic
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The non-living features of an ecosystem
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Abiotic
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What converts energy from the environment into food (e.g. photosynthesis)
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Producer
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What eats other living organisms for their food
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Consumer
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What breaks down remains of plants and animals for food
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Decomposer
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Shows the complex connections between producers, consumers and decomposers
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Food web
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A global ecosystem stretching for hundreds or thousands of miles
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Biome
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A large range of species of plants and animals in a given area
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Biodiversity
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Plants that live on other plants to survive
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Epiphytes
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Large ridged roots above ground to stabilise tall emergent trees
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Buttress Roots
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Cutting down trees for logging/urbanisation/agriculture
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Deforestation
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To use what is needed for today but not affect future generations
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Sustainable
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An area to absorb carbon dioxide from the air (e.g. rainforests)
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Carbon Sink
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Cutting down specific trees in a managed timeframe
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Selective logging
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Nature tourism in small groups and minimal environmental impact
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Ecotourism
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Where deserts are spread across the world
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Distribution
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How plants and animals change to help them survive in difficult conditions
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Adaptations
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The difficulties of living somewhere so hot, dry and empty
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Challenges
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Using the hot and dry conditions as an advantage
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Opportunites
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When soil is dried out and turns to infertile sand making the desert grow
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Desertification
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Managing and using the land ineffectively therefore allowing desertification to occur
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Poor Land Management
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When the soil is overused by farmers and is open to soil erosion & desertification
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Overcultivation
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When the surface water is evaporated, and salt is left behind causing poor soil quality
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Salinization
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The weakening and breakup of rock
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Weathering
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The removal of weathered material by force such as water or air
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Erosion
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When the sea/river moves the eroded material
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Transportation
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When the sea/river drops the eroded material
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Deposition
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Landforms of erosion where soft rock erodes quickly, and hard rock remains
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Headlands and Bays
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Transport of sediment along a beach by the waves
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Longshore Drift
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Depositional landforms created by longshore drift
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Spits and Bars
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Hard and soft engineering techniques to protect the coastline from erosion and flooding
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Coastal Defences
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Where a river begins in the upper course
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Source
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Where a river flows/connects to the sea
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Mouth
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A landform of erosion found in the upper course
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Waterfall
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Landforms created by lateral erosion and deposition
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Meander and Oxbow lake
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The area either side of a river in the middle/lower course
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Floodplain
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The amount of water in a river at a given point and time
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Discharge
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A graph that shows peak rainfall and peak discharge
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Hydrograph
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Any form of water falling from the sky
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Precipitation
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