Hypo and Hyperthyroidism Quiz

This quiz is for revision of first year Medicine.

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Last updated: January 31, 2024

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First submitted	January 29, 2024
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Hint	Answer
Which organs are involved in the thyroid's negative feedback loop?	Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
In hypothyroidism, are the following high or low? TSH	High
T4	Low
T3	Low
In hyperthyroidism, are the following high or low? TSH	Low
T4	High
T3	High
What type of antibodies are involved in hypothyroidism?	TPO / thyroid peroxidase
Is the negative feedback loop activated in hypothyroidism?	No
Name the disease which most commonly causes hypothyroidism?	Hashimoto's disease
Name a less common (<5%) cause of hypothyroidism?	Primary hypothyroidism / atrophic hypothyroidism
In hypothyroidism, the thyroid _____ respond to TSH	cannot
...because the thyroid is _______	damaged
...so TSH _________.	accumulates
In hyperthyroidism, autoimmune ____-acting antibodies	long
...bind to ___ receptors	TSH
...and bind _________.	irreversibly
This means TSH cannot ____	bind
...as receptor sites are ____.	full
Bound antibodies ________ the thyroid	stimulate
...for a _____ period of time.	longer

Hint	Answer
Is the negative feedback loop activated in hyperthyroidism?	Yes
This has no effect, because the thyroid is being stimulated by ________.	antibodies
Name the disease which most commonly causes hyperthyroidism?	Graves' disease
Name a less common (~15%) cause of hyperthyroidism?	Toxic multinodular goitre
What type/class of antibodies cause hyperthyroidism?	IgG
______ is a key component of thyroxine and its deficiency causes endemic goitres.	Iodine
Hormone and antibody ______ are used to investigate and diagnose hypo and hyperthyroidism.	assays
What imaging technique can be used to investigate the thyroid?	Ultrasound / US / nuclear medicine
Hypothyroidism can lead to elevated lipid levels, true or false?	True
Hypothyroidism can also cause a raised _____ due to inflammation.	ESR
Can hypothyroidism cause a raised CK?	Yes
What is the first line pharmalogical treatment for hyperthyroidism?	Carbimazole
What is a serious potential immune complication of this treatment?	Agranulocytosis / low WBC count
Radioactive ______ can also be given to treat hyperthyroidism	iodine
...which causes _______ thyroid hormone release.	reduced / decreased
This works because the chemical/compound is necessary for ______ of thyroid hormones.	Synthesis / production
Surgery can also be used to treat hyperthyroidism. What is the name for the partial or total surgical removal of the thyroid?	Thyroidectomy
If a patient has their thyroid removed, they will be given a ____-____	life-long
....prescription of ___________.	levothyroxine
What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?	Thyroxine

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