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Individual differences in psychology - key topic questions
A set of questions based on key aspects of individual differences and personality psychology.
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Last updated: May 23, 2023
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| First submitted | May 8, 2023 |
| Times taken | 13 |
| Average score | 37.5% | Report this quiz | Report |
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1.
Oscar is currently reading books on how to improve his self-esteem as he has heard it helps create a happy romantic relationship - In what way does it help?
High self-esteem allows that person to be self-centred
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High self-esteem creates possessiveness in the other person
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High self-esteem enables self-reliance and independence
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High self-esteem predicts long-term relationship satisfaction
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2.
Matthew and Rohan, are discussing collaborating on a research project which explores the individual differences that influence criminal activity in adolescents. Both agree that focusing exclusively on life outcomes as the data type would be a mistake because
Life outcomes are highly multidetermined
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Life outcomes are highly subjective
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Life outcomes are the most frequently used data type
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Life outcomes involve complex experimental manipulation
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3.
Luke, a University psychology student, has decided to explore authenticity for his third-year dissertation. She wants to use Wood's Authenticity Scale to do so as it is based on which of the following assumptions:
Authenticity is impossible to measure due to its complexity
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Authenticity to oneself in all contexts is a key indicator of an authentic self
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Authenticity is entirely context-dependent
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None of the above
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4.
What are the TWIN sources of personality data within a digital context
Traces, Words, Ideas, Networks
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Traces, Words, Images, Networks
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None of the Above
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Traces, Words, Innovations, Neurocognitive
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5.
Criterion validity is?
The degree to which the scale predictively measures the construct
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How much the item appears to be a reasonable measure of the construct
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How much questionnaires conducted in a lab are applicable in a real-world setting
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The degree to which a measure captures both the intended construct and other things as well
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6.
Ben is trying to write an overview of Dimensional trait theories and wants help with the opening line. Which of the following sentences would be the most accurate
Dimensional trait theories offer a reductive approach which assume that behaviour is caused by traits
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Dimensional trait theories have no prior assumptions and cannot be reduced to a reductive or purposive approach
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Dimensional trait theories offer a purposive approach which assume behaviour is an expression of type
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Dimensional trait theories offer both a purposive and reductive approach to undderstanding behaviour
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7.
Which of the big five personality traits was found to predict an increased risk perception for travelling during the global pandemic? (COVID-19)
Extraversion
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Openness
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Agreeableness
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Conscientiousness
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8.
Which of the following options represents one of the three key arguments for interactionism
Different personalities tend to get themselves into different situations
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A 'weak personality' gets a strong reaction
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What we call 'personality' is simply situational consistency
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Personality is too abstract to be understood by focusing on different situations
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9.
Allport and Odbert (1936) famously invented the lexical hypothesis, which shaped the entire future of personality/individual differences research.
True
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False
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10.
Today, most personality and social psychologists approach research from an "interactionist approach". What does this mean?
The disciplines of social and personality psychology talk, or "interact", more to do better research
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That personality arises jointly from both nature and nurture
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None of the above
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That personality and situations "interact" to jointly determine a person's thoughts, feelings, and behaviours
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11.
Eysenck developed the PEN model, a biological theory of personality which claims:
Personality is best understood through the prism of three factors: Psychoticism, egocentricity, and neuroticism
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Personality is best understood through the prism of three factors: Psychoticism, egocentricity, and nihilism
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Personality is best understood through the prism of three factors: Psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism
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None of the above
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12.
A psychologist who believes that situation is the key influencing factor on personality, is someone who would most likely argue which of the following?
Personality is entirely stable regardless of situational changes
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None of the above
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It is too difficult to understand the role of situational influences on personality
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What we call 'personality' is simply situational consistency
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13.
Charlie and his brother, Luc, are monozygotic twins. They both like to play football, watch sports on TV, and playing sports-related videogames in their free time. Which of the following statements is most accurate?
Luc and Charlie's shared genes cause them to both like sports
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Luc and Charlie likely inherited some shared propensities that make them both more likely to be drawn to sports
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Luc and Charlie are twin boys, making them more likely to be active than twin girls
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None of the above
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14.
Charles Spearman was the first person to empirically study the structure of mental ability. Which of the following options most accurately describe his concept of intelligence:
Intelligence is a two factor theory involving both general intelligence (G factor) and another, as yet unknown factor.
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Intelligence is a two factor theory involving both general intelligence (G factor) and specific ability intelligence (S factor)
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intelligence is a two factor theory involving both general intelligence (G factor) and transitory intelligence (T factor)
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None of the above
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15.
According to empirical evidence on Moral Foundations Theory, liberals and conservatives are most divided on which of the following moral domains?
Sanctity / Degradation
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Fairness / Cheating
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Care / Harm
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Loyalty / Betrayal
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16.
According to Kohlberg, a child's moral development moves through three stages in a fixed order: (1) preconventional, (2) conventional, and (3) post-conventional morality. What additional claim did he make about moral development after these stages?
That humans are incapable of considering abstract moral and ethical decisions
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Only 10-15% are capable of engaging in abstract thinking about moral dilemmas
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That most people have the capacity to consider abstract moral dilemmas
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None of the above
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17.
Are there any advantages in exploring individual differences in twins whom have been separated at birth? identify which of the following statements most accurately answers this question:
Twin studies allow insight into how personality develops among an ageing population
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Twin studies are the only methodology for allowing researchers to explore individual differences in non-WEIRD cultures
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Twin studies allow researchers to examine the overall role of genes in the development of a trait or disorder
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Twin studies have been found not to be useful at all in the field of psychology
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18.
There is ample evidence for Howard Gardner's seven independent intelligences. Is this true or false?
True
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False
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19.
Which of the following Big Five traits is consistently seen across *most* personality disorders?
Low agreeableness
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High conscientiousness
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High openness
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Low extroversion
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20.
William Chambers finds that as he has gotten older, he has a difficult time making or keeping friends. In the context of heated arguments, his friends often tell him that he is arrogant, self-centred, and just plain strange. Based on this description, it may be the case that:
William has a personality disorder that is comprised of several socially undesirable traits
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William scores high on conscientiousness, but low on agreeableness
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William has low self-esteem, and his friends are preying on his weakness to feel better about themselves
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There is not enough information to say, as informant reports are simply too subjective to be empirically meaningful
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21.
Toby spent his whole life living in a small town full of conservative, small-minded people who are low in agreeableness and low in openness. Toby has heard that there is a city in another country that is full of agreeableness, open-minded people just like him. Which of the following statements are true?
Because of selective migration, Toby may be more likely to move to the city where people have similar values and personalities to himself
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Because collective cultures tend to be more conservative, Toby is likely to become more socially engaged
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Because of inductive values, Toby may be more likely to become conservative and disagreeable over time
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None of the above
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22.
Personality disorders can be difficult to treat because of which one of the following reasons:
Personality disorders are ego-syntonic
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Personality disorders are 100% influenced by genetic factors
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Personality disorders are ego-dystonic
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Personality disorders are 100% influenced by environmental factors
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23.
Gaby has a faster-than-light spaceship that allows her to visit societies on other planets. She lands on a planet and quickly encounters an alien named Issy who is *extremely* rude and selfish. What claim can Gaby reasonably make about Issy?
Issy lives in another culture and, therefore, likely acquired her personality traits from her society
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The "regression to the mean" principle tells us that most other people in this civilisation will be friendly
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Issy appears to have a personality disorder as her personality attributes seem to be extreme
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None of the above: there is not enough information for Gaby to make any of these claims
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24.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder would be most accurately described as...
An enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour characterised by a lack of empathy, extreme extroversion, and a compulsion to re-arrange objects
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An enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour characterised by a lack of empathy, a compulsion to re-arrange objects and self-centredness
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An enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour characterised by self-centeredness, lack of empathy, and an exaggerated sense of self-importance
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None of the above
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