AP Bio Chapter 13 Vocab

Contemporary of Darwin, independently proposed evolution theory.

Homologous structures indicate shared ancestry; vestigial structures show evolutionary remnants; Analogous structures serve same function, but structure is vastly different.

Changes in allele frequencies within a population over generations.

1. No mutations

Random allele frequency changes due to chance events.

Population size reduction leading to loss of genetic diversity.

New population with different allele frequencies from small group colonization.

A force that tends to reduce differences between populations when:

Proposed evolution by natural selection, influenced by HMS Beagle voyage.

Influenced Darwin with theory on population growth and resources.

Process favoring traits for survival and reproduction, leading to adaptation.

Selective breeding by humans for desired traits in organisms.

Shows past life forms and evolutionary transitions in sedimentary rock layers.

Similarities in embryonic development suggest common ancestry.

DNA and protein sequences reveal evolutionary relationships.

Group capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

Individuals of the same species in the same area, interbreeding.

Total alleles in a population at a specific time.

Large-scale evolutionary patterns like new species origins.

Allele frequencies in a non-evolving population; governed by specific conditions.

Provide new genetic variation for natural selection.

Favoring genetic diversity through heterozygote advantage.

Genetic variation without selective advantage or disadvantage.

Stabilizing, directional, and disruptive selection favoring different phenotypes.

Favors intermediate phenotypes, reducing variation

Shifts the population towards one extreme phenotype

Favors both extremes of a phenotypic range

Distinct appearance differences between male and female of a species.

Competition within the same sex for mating opportunities.

Competition within the same sex for mating opportunities.

Traits acquired during life not inherited by offspring.