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Hint
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Answer
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What was the population of Russia in 1855?
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74m
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What was the population of Russia in 1914?
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175m
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How many kilometres of railway were in Russia in 1860?
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1,600
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How many kilometres of railway were in Russia in 1914?
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70,000
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How many times more iron was smelted in 1913 vs 1860?
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10x
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How many times more coal was produced from 1855 to 1914?
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1000x
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When did oil extraction begin in Baku?
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1871
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When were ironworks established in Donetsk?
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1872
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Which company did the Nobel brothers establish to extract coal and oil?
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Naphtha Extraction Company
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What percentage of government revenue came from indirect taxation?
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66%
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For how many years did emancipated serfs have to pay redemption payments?
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What percentage of government expenditure went towards repaying debts?
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33%
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When was a State Bank established?
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1860
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What was the annual growth rate from 1862-1878?
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6%
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When was the Salt Tax abolished?
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1881
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When was the Poll Tax abolished?
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1886
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When was the Peasant Land Bank established?
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1883
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Who was Finance Minister from 1881-1887?
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Bunge
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Who was Finance Minister from 1887-1892?
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Vyshnegradsky
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Who was Finance Minister from 1892-1903?
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Witte
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How large was the 1887 tariff on imported raw materials?
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30%
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In the mid-1890s, what percentage of the rail network was state-owned?
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60%
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Which type of industry was emphasised during industrialisation?
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Heavy
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Which export made up the bulk of trade throughout this period?
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Grain
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How many times fewer kilometres of railway did Russia have compared to Germany in 1914?
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11x
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How much did grain exports increase, as a percentage of total exports, from 1881-1891?
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18%
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How many times more banks were there in 1908 compared to 1914?
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x2
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What happened to state revenue 1908-1914
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Doubled
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From 1903-1913, what percentage of state revenue came from industrialisation?
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25%
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When was the Rouble backed by gold?
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1897
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How many roubles of foreign investment did Russia receive in: 1880?
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100m
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...1890?
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200m
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...1900?
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900m
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How many urban factory workers were there in: 1887?
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1.3m
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...1908?
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2.6m
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What happened to industrial output from 1894-1914?
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Doubled
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What was the annualised growth rate from 1894-1914?
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3.25%
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According to Gerschenkron, what was the economy's annual rate of growth in the 1890s?
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8%
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By 1914, Russia was the fourth largest producer of?
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Coal, Pig Iron and Steel
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How many basic industrial regions did Russia possess in 1914?
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8
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By 1914, Russia had the second biggest ___ industry in the world?
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Oil
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How much foreign trade did Russia have in 1914?
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£190m
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How much foreign trade did Austria-Hungary have in 1914?
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£199m
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How much foreign trade did Germany have in 1914?
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£1,030m
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In 1860, Russia was ranked as the ______ largest world economy?
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10th
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In 1910, Russia was ranked as the ______ largest world economy?
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10th
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What was Russia's per capita coal production in 1910?
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300kg
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What was Germany's per capita coal production in 1910?
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3,190kg
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How much did agricultural output increase 1894-1914?
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50%
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What percentage of peasants could not support themselves by 1900?
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52%
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What percentage of peasants did not own a horse by 1901?
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33%
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How many tonnes of grain were produced in 1900?
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56m
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How many tonnes of grain were produced in 1914?
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90m
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By 1909, Russia was the world's leading ______ exporter
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Cereal
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How many people were members of Rural Credit Cooperatives in 1905?
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181,000
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How many people were members of Rural Credit Cooperatives in 1914?
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7m
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What percentage of land in Voronezh province (during the Stolypin Reforms) was purchased by landless peasants?
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37%
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How many peasants emigrated to Siberia during the Stolypin Reforms?
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3.5m
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How many private farms had been established by 1916?
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2m
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According to Lyashchenko, what was the net increase (percentage) in agricultural income from 1900-1913?
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88.6%
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By 1913, out of 5m applications for consolidation and hereditary tenure of individual farms, how many had been dealt with?
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1.3m
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What percentage of peasants achieved Kulak status?
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<1%
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By 1914, what percentage of farmland had been transferred from communal to private ownership?
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