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Hint
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Answer
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Type of energy store: food, fuels, chemicals in batteries
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chemical
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Movement energy
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kinetic
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Energy of an object due to its position
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gravitational
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Energy in an object when stretched or squashed
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elastic
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Energy due to heating
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Thermal
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Energy cannot be _____ or ______
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created destroyed
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Energy transferred =
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work done
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Force x distance = (J)
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work done
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1/2 x k x e2
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elastic
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Energy transferred to where it's wanted in the way it's wanted
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useful
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Useful energy output / total energy input
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efficiency
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To reduce friction:
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lubricate
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To reduce air resistance:
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streamline
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Earth's gravitational field strength (3 s.f.)
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9.81
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Energy transferred per unit of time
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Power
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How well an object transfers energy
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thermal conductivity
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How to reduce energy transfer through an object: shallow temperature ____
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gradient
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_____ material
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thick
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low thermal ____
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conductivity
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Energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 274K
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specific heat capacity
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To find the specific heat capacity of an object you need:
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mass
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Energy
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temperature
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Double glazed windows have a _____ to reduce energy transfer
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vacuum
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Fuel taken from a living or recently living organism
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biofuel
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Nuclear fuel
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Uranium
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Renewable sources of electricity:
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solar
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wind
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tidal
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biofuel
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wave
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hydroelectric
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geothermal
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Nuclear and coal-fired power stations provide a constant amount of electricity (____ ____)
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base load
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Natural gas power stations have the _____ start-up time
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shortest
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Current = ______ per unit of time
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charge
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Only allows current in one direction
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diode
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Voltmeters are connected in ______ with the component
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parallel
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Wires and resistors are examples of...
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ohmic conductors
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As temperature increases in a wire ______ also increases
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resistance
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When the temperature in a thermistor increases, the current through it _____
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increases
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In a _____ circuit, the same current passes through each component
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series
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In a _____ circuit, potential difference is shared between the components
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series
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The total resistance of 2 (or more) in parallel is ____ than the resistance of the resistor with the least resistance
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less
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Components in parallel all receive the ____ potential difference
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same
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Current which repeatedly reverses direction
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alternating
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The frequency of mains electricity in the U.K. (Hz)
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50
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The live wire reaches ____V in each direction
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235
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Plugs are made of _____ because it is a good insulator
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plastic
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The neutral wire _____ the circuit
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completes
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The live wire is _____
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brown
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The neutral wire is _____
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blue
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The earth wire is _____
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yellow and green
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Step-up transformers _____ potential difference to reduce heat lost
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increase
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Wires are made of _____ because it is a good conductor
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copper
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The current through an electrical appliance is the _____ that flows through it each _____
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charge second
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Mass per unit volume
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density
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If a ______ ______ is reversed, the substance will recover its original properties
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physical change
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solid to liquid
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melting
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liqiud to gas
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boiling
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gas to liquid
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condensation
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liquid to solid
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solidifying
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solid to gas
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sublimation
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Particles in a solid are next to each other in _____ positions, and _____ about that position
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fixed vibrate
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Particles in a solid move ______
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randomly
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Energy transferred to a substance when it changes state is its _____ _____
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latent heat
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Specific latent heat of _____ between a solid and liquid
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fusion
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Specific latent heat of _____ between a liquid and a gas
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vaporisation
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kinetic energy + potential energy =
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internal
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Particles in a solid move in random directions at varying ______
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speeds
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Pressure is caused by the _____ of impacts of particles on container walls
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force
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Increased temperature = higher pressure due to more _____ collisions with more _____
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frequent force
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Random motion of particles in a fluid is called ______ motion
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Brownian
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______ radiation is stopped by paper
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alpha
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______ radiation is stopped by a thick layer of lead
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gamma
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______ radiation is stopped by aluminium
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beta
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Unit for radioactivity
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becquerel
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______ fired alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold
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Rutherford
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Alpha particles have _ protons and _ neutrons
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2
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Atoms of elements with different numbers of neutrons
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isotopes
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A beta particles is an _____
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electron
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It is emitted when there are too many _____ compared with _____
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neutrons protons
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When electrons are knocked off of atoms
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ionisation
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Smoke alarms use _____ radiation
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alpha
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Unwanted presence of materials containing radioactive atoms on other materials
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radioactive contamination
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The _____ of a radioactive source is the number of unstable atoms in a source that decay per second
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activity
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Time taken for count rate to decrease by half
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half-life
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Radioactive decay is a _____ event
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random
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Radioactive decay is a _____ event
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chaotic
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An electron moving to a lower energy level results in electromagnetic radiation being emitted in the form of a _____
|
photon
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