Statistics for Government and Politic Terms Chapter 10

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Term	Definition	% Correct
purposive incentive	a benefit that comes from serving a cause or principle	0%
political action committee (PAC)	a committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations	0%
primary election	an election held to choose candidates for office	0%
general election	an election held to choose which candidate will hold office	0%
sophomore surge	an increase in the votes congressional candidates usually get when they first run for reelection	0%
position issues	an issue about which the public is divided and rival candidates or political parties adopt different policy positions	0%
valence issues	an issue about which the public is united and rival candidates or political parties adopt similar positions in hopes that each will be thought to best represent those widely shaped beliefs	0%
interest group	an organization of people sharing a common interest or goal that seeks to influence the making of public policy	0%
public-interest lobby	a political organization whose goals will principally benefit nonmembers	0%
blanket primary	a primary election in which each voter may vote for candidates from both parties	0%
open primary	a primary election in which voters may choose in which party to vote as they enter the polling place	0%
closed primary	a primary election in which voting is limited to already registered party members	0%
runoff primary	a second primary election held when no candidate wins a majority of the votes in the first primary	0%
political cue	a signal telling a legislator what values are at stake in a vote, and how that issue fits into his or her own political views on party agenda	0%
ratings	assessments of a representative's voting record on issues important to an interest group	0%
social movement	a widely shared demand for change in some aspect of the social or political order	0%
gerrymandering	drawing the boundaries of legislative districts in bizarre or unusual shapes to favor one party	0%
malapportionment	drawing the boundaries of legislative districts so that they are unequal in population	0%
soft money	funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities, such as get-out-the-vote drives, but not on behalf of a specific candidate	0%
material incentives	money or things valued in monetary terms	0%
527 organizations	organizations that, under section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code, raise and spend money to advance political causes	0%
ideological interest groups	political organizations that attract members by appealing to their political convictions or principles	0%
incentive	something of value one cannot get without joining an organization	0%
independent expenditures	spending by political action committees, corporations, or labor unions that is done to help a party or candidate but is done independently of them	0%
coattails	the alleged tendency of candidates to win more votes in an election because of the presence at the top of the ticket of a better-known candidate, such as the president	0%
incumbent	the person already holding an elective office	0%
solidary incentives	the social rewards (sense of pleasure, status, or companionship) that lead people to join political organizations	0%
prospective voting	voting for a candidate because you favor his or her ideas for handling issues	0%
retrospective voting	voting for a candidate because you like his or her past actions in office	0%