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Answer
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Greek who developed a theory that the world consisted of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.
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Democritus
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Greek who formed theories concerning change in many areas of physics using deduction and logic (also wrote physics...).
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Aristotle
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Greek who discovered a principle named after him concerning buoyancy. According to legend, shouted “Eureka!” in his bathtub on discovering it.
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Archimedes
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Danish astronomer who made extensive observations of the planets. Had brass nose (lost the original in a duel). Kepler was his assistant. And that bladder problem...
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Tycho
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German who developed the three laws of gravitation (or planetary motion).
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Johannes Kepler
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Italian who, at the Leaning Tower of Pisa, demonstrated that bodies of different weights accelerate uniformly. Forced to recant support of Copernicus during Inquisition. Used telescope to discover craters on the moon and the four brightest moons of Jupiter.
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Galileo
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Italian. Barometer and improved microscope and telescope. Torr is a unit of pressure.
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Evangelista Torricelli
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Dutchman who discovered wave theory of light and invented pendulum clock.
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Christiaan Huygens
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Englishman who conceived the theory of universal gravitation in Principia, (after seeing an apple fall). Formulated three laws of motion, and foundation for modern study of optics. Formulated calculus (also formulated by Leibnitz).
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Sir Isaac Newton
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German-Dutchman who invented first practical mercury thermometer, Fahrenheit temp. scale in which melting point of ice is 32 and boiling point at 212.
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Gabriel Fahrenheit
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Swissman who created theory of pressure of gases on walls of container. Created a Law/Principle on pressure and liquids and gases named after himself.
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Daniel Bernoulli
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Englishman who discovered hydrogen and water is a compound of oxygen and hydrogen. Showed that “common air” (atmosphere) is 4/5ths nitrogen and 1/5th nitrogen.
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Henry Cavendish
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Italian who invented voltaic pile and electric battery. Electromagnetic unit (volt) is named in his honor.
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Alessandro Volta
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(German) ____ Law: steady current through any portion of an electric current is directly proportional to the applied electromotive force. It is unit of resistance.
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Georg Ohm
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Englishman who discovered electromagnetic induction. Farad-unit of capacitance named in his honor.
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Michael Faraday
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_______ effect: apparent change in the frequency of sound, light, or radio waves is caused by change in distance between source of wave and receiver.
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Christian Doppler
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Scott who developed mathematical explanation of electromagnetic theory of light. Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism is foundation of present day electromagnetic theory. Formulated ______'s Wave Equations.
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James Clerk Maxwell
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German who discovered electromagnetic radio waves. _____-unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second, named in his honor.
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Heinrich Hertz
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Austrian who established study of philosophy of sciences. Known for ____ number, unit relating speed to velocity of sound.
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Ernest Mach
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German who discovered x-rays for which he was awarded in 1901 the first Nobel Prize for physics.
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Wilhelm Roentgen
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French co-discoverer with Pierre and Marie Curie of natural radioactivity.
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Antoine Becquerel
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(Frenchman and a Pol) Work in radioactivity; discovered radium and polonium, the latter named after one of their native lands. Nobel Prize in physics in 1903.
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Marie and Pierre Curie
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Englishman who discovered the electron.
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Sir Joseph John Thomson
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The famous ______-______ experiment showed that measurement of the speed of light is constant regardless of how fast the observer is moving. Both were Americans but one was a German American.
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Albert Michelson, Edward Morley
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Italian known as “Father of Wireless Telegraphy” (radio)
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Guglielmo Marconi
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German who developed ______ counter with Ernest Rutherford.
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Hans Wilhelm Geiger
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Englishman known as the “Father of Nuclear Physics” for formulation of first explanation of radioactivity. Best known for description of nuclear structure of atom.
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Ernest Rutherford
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German who developed quantum theory of energy. Also known for ______’s constant.
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Max Planck
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German American who developed theory of relativity. Nobel Prize in physics for work on photoelectric effect. Began career in Swiss patent office.
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Albert Einstein
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Dane known for his early model of the structure of the atom.
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Niels Bohr
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American who launched first successful liquid fueled rocket. _______ Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland is named in his honor. Known as “father of Modern Rocketry and Space Flight.”
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Robert Hutchings Goddard
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Nobel prize for physics for work in the development of quantum mechanics. Famous for “uncertainty principle” that holds that position and momentum of subatomic particle cannot be precisely determined at the same time. Also headed Nazi Germany atomic program.
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Werner Heisenberg
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Englishman who discovered the neutron.
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Sir James Chadwick
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Italian American who split atom in nuclear fission. Produced first chain reaction in laboratory under the University of Chicago football stadium.
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Enrico Fermi
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American who directed construction of first atomic bomb as part of Manhattan Project. Known as “Father of the Atomic Bomb.” On witnessing the first atomic explosion at Trinity: “I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.” – quote from the Bhagavad-Gita, a sacred text of ancient India.
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J. Robert Oppenheimer
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American called the “Father of the Hydrogen Bomb” Worked on Manhattan Project to develop atomic bomb. Model for movie Dr. Strangelove.
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Edward Teller
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Russian called the “Father of the Soviet Hydrogen Bomb.” Won Nobel Prize for Peace for his defense of human rights and democracy.
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Andrey Sakharov
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Americans who won the Nobel Prize for development of transistor while at Bell Labs. (Three of them)
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John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, William Shockley
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Nobel laureate, predicted the existence of the “God particle,” the _____ boson, an elementary particle in the Standard Model of Particle Physics, discovered at the CERN particle accelerator in 2012
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Peter Higgs
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They won the 2019 Nobel in Chemistry for developing these ubiquitous power sources: Lithium Ion Batteries. (Three of them)
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John Goodenough, Stanley Whittingham, Akira Yoshino
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