Description
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Year
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Battle
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Considered one of the earliest recorded battles, it ends inconclusively between the Egyptian and Hittite empires, leading to the world's first peace treaty.
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1274 BC
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Battle of Kadesh
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Greeks halt the First Persian Invasion, securing Greek independence and its model of democracy, influencing Western political philosophy.
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490 BC
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Battle of Marathon
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Alexander the Great defeats Darius III, securing his dominance over the Persian Empire and facilitating the spread of Hellenistic culture.
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331 BC
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Battle of Gaugamela
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Hannibal's tactical masterpiece results in a devastating defeat for Rome, altering the course of the Second Punic War and inspiring military strategy for centuries.
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216 BC
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Battle of Cannae
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Julius Caesar's victory solidifies Roman control over Gaul, contributing to the expansion of the Roman Empire and shaping European history.
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52 BC
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Battle of Alesia
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Octavian's victory over Mark Antony and Cleopatra leads to the end of the Roman Republic, establishing the Roman Empire under Augustus.
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31 BC
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Battle of Actium
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Germanic tribes ambush and annihilate three Roman legions, halting Roman expansion into Germania and shaping the future of Europe.
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9
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Battle of Teutoburg Forest
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Allied Chinese forces defeat Cao Cao's fleet, preventing his unification of China and paving the way for the Three Kingdoms period.
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208
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Battle of Red Cliffs
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Gothic victory over the Eastern Roman Empire leads to significant territorial losses and marks the beginning of the decline of the Roman military.
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378
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Battle of Adrianople
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Roman coalition halts Attila the Hun's invasion, preserving Western Roman stability and shaping the future of Europe.
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451
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Battle of Catalunian Plains
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Byzantine forces defeat the Ostrogoths, securing Byzantine dominance in Italy and preserving Roman influence in the region.
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552
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Battle of Taginae
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Muslim conquest of the Byzantine Empire in the Levant, leading to the expansion of Islam and shaping the religious and political landscape of the Middle East.
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636
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Battle of Yarmuk
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Frankish forces under Charles Martel repel the Umayyad Caliphate's invasion, halting Muslim expansion into Western Europe and preserving Christianity.
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732
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Battle of Tours
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Otto I's decisive victory over the Magyars ensures Germanic dominance in Central Europe and accelerates the Christianization of the region.
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955
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Battle of Lechfeld
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William the Conqueror's victory over Harold II establishes Norman rule in England, reshaping English culture, law, and language.
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1066
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Battle of Hastings
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Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Empire, weakening Byzantine control over Anatolia and paving the way for Turkish expansion.
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1071
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Battle of Manzikert
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Saladin's victory over the Crusader states leads to the fall of Jerusalem, spurring the Third Crusade and shaping the religious and political dynamics of the Holy Land.
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1187
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Battle of Hattin
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Christian coalition victory over the Almohad Caliphate, weakening Muslim control in Spain and accelerating the Reconquista.
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1212
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Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
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Novgorod Republic defeats the Teutonic Knights, securing Russian independence and shaping the future of Eastern Europe.
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1242
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Battle of Lake Peipus
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Mamluk victory over the Mongols halts their westward expansion and prevents the Mongol conquest of the Middle East.
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1260
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Battle of Ain Jalut
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Russian victory over the Golden Horde strengthens Moscow's position as a regional power and marks a turning point in Mongol dominance.
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1380
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Battle of Kulikovo
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Polish-Lithuanian victory over the Teutonic Knights ends their expansion into Eastern Europe and solidifies Poland's influence in the region.
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1410
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Battle of Grunwald
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English victory during the Hundred Years' War boosts English morale and demonstrates the effectiveness of the English longbow.
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1415
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Battle of Agincourt
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French victory over English forces reverses English momentum in the Hundred Years' War and boosts French morale.
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1428-1429
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Siege of Orléans
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Ottoman conquest marks the end of the Byzantine Empire, leading to the Renaissance and shaping the course of European history.
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1453
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Fall of Constantinople
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Henry Tudor's victory over Richard III ends the Wars of the Roses and establishes the Tudor dynasty in England.
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1485
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Battle of Bosworth Field
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Portuguese naval victory secures Portuguese dominance in the Indian Ocean, establishing Portuguese trade routes to Asia.
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1509
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Battle of Diu
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Spanish conquest of the Aztec capital marks the end of Aztec civilization and establishes Spanish dominance in the Americas.
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1521
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Fall of Tenochtitlan
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Babur's Mughal forces defeat the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, establishing Mughal rule in India and heralding the beginning of the Mughal Empire's dominance over the Indian subcontinent.
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1526
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First Battle of Panipat
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Ottoman forces besiege this island, but the Knights Hospitaller, aided by local defenders, successfully repel the invaders, halting Ottoman expansion into the Mediterranean and ensuring the survival of Christian Europe.
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1565
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Great Siege of Malta
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Holy League victory halts Ottoman naval expansion in the Mediterranean and preserves Christian influence in the region.
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1571
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Battle of Lepanto
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English naval victory over this fleet secures English dominance in the Atlantic and marks the decline of Spanish power.
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1588
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Spanish Armada
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Tokugawa forces emerge victorious in a decisive battle, leading to the establishment of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the beginning of a prolonged period of peace and stability in Japan.
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1600
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Battle of Sekigahara
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Protestant victory in the Thirty Years' War preserves Protestant influence in Germany and prevents Habsburg dominance.
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1632
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Battle of Lützen
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Parliamentarian forces defeat King Charles I's Royalists, marking a turning point in the English Civil War and leading to Parliamentarian dominance.
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1645
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Battle of Naseby
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