|
Hint
|
|
Answer
|
|
Warm air rises, causing ___ pressure
|
|
Low
|
|
Cold air sinks, causing ___ pressure
|
|
High
|
|
There are 6 circulation cells: Polar, ___ and Hadley
|
|
Ferrel
|
|
___ cycles: Variations in Earth's orbit
|
|
Milankovitch
|
|
The amount of radiation the Sun gives out varies over a ___ year cycle
|
|
11
|
|
Clouds of ash dust from ___ block out the Sun creating a cooling effect
|
|
Volcanoes
|
|
The cell closest to the north and south poles
|
|
Polar
|
|
The cell closest to the equator
|
|
Hadley
|
|
The effect caused by the Earth's rotation
|
|
Coriolis
|
|
The fast winds found between two cells
|
|
jet stream
|
|
The natural process keeping Earth warm
|
|
greenhouse effect
|
|
Increasing population means more food is needed so ___ is increased
|
|
Farming
|
|
Cars are becoming more affordable as well as flying so ___ uses more energy
|
|
Transport
|
|
Most _____ is produced by burning fossil fuels, producing greenhouse gases
|
|
Energy
|
|
People have more disposable income so demand for consumer goods leads to _____ growth
|
|
industrial
|
|
Evidence for natural climate change:
|
|
Ice cores
|
|
|
|
Historical sources
|
|
|
|
Tree rings
|
|
Evidence for natural climate change: Rising ___ levels
|
|
sea
|
|
_____ ice caps
|
|
melting
|
|
More frequent and _______ weather events
|
|
extreme
|
|
Air in the eye of a tropical cyclone is always _____
|
|
sinking
|
|
Tropical cyclones generally move ____
|
|
west
|
|
Water must be _____ degrees celsius
|
|
26.5
|
|
They must be at least _ degrees north or south of the equator for the Coriolis effect to take effect
|
|
5
|
|
Physical hazard of tropical cyclones: strong ___ could cause trees to fall over or debris to go everywhere
|
|
winds
|
|
Weather that causes flooding and damage to property
|
|
Rain
|
|
___ ___ could contaminate water because of high water levels
|
|
storm surges
|
|
Salt water on land, contamination, damage to farming and tourism - effects of ___
|
|
flooding
|
|
When soil is saturated after intense rainfall it causes ___
|
|
landslides
|
|
The ability, or lack thereof, to anticipate, cope with, resist, and recover from a hazard
|
|
vulnerability
|
|
Physical vulnerabilities: low _____ means that settlements are more vulnerable to storm surges
|
|
relief
|
|
Social vulnerabilities: Areas of poverty are more vulnerable as housing is less well built so less _____ to natural disasters
|
|
resistant
|
|
People may not be ______ as to what they should do in the event of a disaster
|
|
educated
|
|
The general population may be ____, making it harder to evacuate them
|
|
older
|
|
Economic vulnerabilities: Richer countries have better access to accurate weather ___ and ___ data to know how the hazard might affect the country
|
|
predictions modelling
|
|
Preparation: Atmospheric ______: Areas of low ______ are likely to be a source for a storm. Buoys can be used to measure that in advance
|
|
pressure
|
|
_______: TV, radio, social media are used to update people
|
|
communication
|
|
Satellite tracking and _____ technology track the approach of a tropical storm
|
|
radar
|
|
Computer programs can be used to estimate likely paths of a storm
|
|
modelling
|
|
Rescuers search for trapped people, provide f___ and w_____.
|
|
food water
|
|
Afterwards, you must repair and rebuild ______
|
|
infrastructure
|
|
______ currents: where heat moves through the Earth's mantle
|
|
convection
|
|
Plate boundary where plates move apart e.g. Eurasian and North American plates
|
|
divergent
|
|
Plate boundary where plates move together e.g. Philippines and Eurasian plates
|
|
convergent
|
|
Plate boundary where plates slide past each other
|
|
conservative
|
|
Oceanic plates are _____ beneath continental plates because they are denser
|
|
subducted
|
|
_______ volcanoes are cone shaped and form on destructive plate boundaries
|
|
composite
|
|
These volcanoes produce ______ lava which is viscous and has high silica content
|
|
andesitic
|
|
Eruptions are infrequent but ______
|
|
violent
|
|
_______ volcanoes are found on constructive plate boundaries or hotspots
|
|
shield
|
|
They produce thin, runny lava with a low silica content called _____ lava
|
|
basaltic
|
|
They also have a ____ base and _____ slopes
|
|
wide gentle
|
|
A ______ volcano is where a plume of superheated rock rises up and melts the lithosphere.
|
|
hotspot
|
|
Factors affecting the scale of a hazard: How shallow the _____ is
|
|
focus
|
|
How close the ______ is to a settlement
|
|
epicentre
|
|
_______ density: more ____ dense areas can suffer more damage
|
|
Population
|
|
_____ of day: more casualties if people are inside
|
|
time
|
|
How prepared people are: are they educated, are ______ engineered to withstand and resist earthquake
|
|
buildings
|
|
_______ form because of underwater earthquakes
|
|
Tsunamis
|
|
So a ______ of water is lifted up
|
|
column
|
|
_______ pulls the water down and it begins to fan out
|
|
gravity
|
|
The 2 case studies for earthquakes: Emerging country _____, Developed country____
|
|
Haiti Tohoku
|
|
Tropical cyclones: emerging______ developed______
|
|
Philippines USA
|
|
The term that describes how advanced a country is compared to others
|
|
development
|
|
Development can be by social, economic, and _____ metrics
|
|
political
|
|
Gross _____ product (GDP) is the total value of goods and services produced in a country in one year
|
|
domestic
|
|
GNI includes wealth created ______ of the country by TNCs
|
|
outside
|
|
HDI puts together income, life ______, years in ______, and forms a compound measure between 0 and 1 that shows how socially developed a country is
|
|
expectancy education
|
|
____ coefficient measures distribution of income
|
|
Gini
|
|
Corruptions ______ index grades countries from highly corrupt(0) to not corrupt(100)
|
|
perceptions
|
|
Number of women who die from pregnancy per year per 100 000 is the ___ ___ ___
|
|
Maternal mortality rate
|
|
Average number of children born to each women in a country at any point in time
|
|
fertility rate
|
|
Number of births per 1000 per year
|
|
birth rate
|
|
Number of babies that die before their first birthday per 1000
|
|
Infant mortality rate
|
|
Deaths per 1000 per year
|
|
Death rate
|
|
A method of presenting a populations age structure
|
|
population pyramid
|
|
Causes of global inequalities: ___: Topography and environment affect access to an area and land use
|
|
physical
|
|
Political and _____ policies: open economies develop faster
|
|
economic
|
|
Historical: _______ or neo_______
|
|
colonialism
|
|
Social investment: education and ______
|
|
healthcare
|
|
______ modernisation theory
|
|
Rostow
|
|
________ ______: Limited technology, most people work on farmland rurally
|
|
Traditional society
|
|
___ ______ for ____-____:Low technology, labour-intensive industries start to develop
|
|
Pre conditions take off
|
|
____-____: Rapid industrial growth of manufacturing and development of infrastructure
|
|
Take off
|
|
_____ _ _____: Further growth, technology used throughout economy
|
|
Drive to maturity
|
|
____ ____ _______: Wide range of goods. Wealth spent on military, education, welfare or luxuries.
|
|
High mass consumption
|
|
Problems with this method: Assumes that all countries begin developing at the same ____ ____
|
|
starting point
|
|
Doesn't consider resources, population or _____
|
|
climate
|
|
Model is based on eighteenth and nineteenth century ______ which took advantage of other countries to develop in that way
|
|
Europe
|
|
______'s dependency theory
|
|
Frank
|
|
Developing countries are _______ on developed countries
|
|
dependent
|
|
Developed countries use their economic and political _____ to exploit others
|
|
power
|
|
Large scale projects that aim for national or regional development e.g. Three Gorges Dam, Elizabeth Line
|
|
Top-down
|
|
They are funded by international _____, so there is a lot of money available to spend on them
|
|
banks
|
|
They use sophisticated _______ which requires experts and specialists
|
|
technology
|
|
Local scale projects which aim to benefit a village or small community
|
|
Bottom-up
|
|
Led by ___s or communities
|
|
NGO
|
|
They use basic technology which makes them easier to use and ___ by the locals independently
|
|
maintain
|
|
The process by which there is a widening and deepening of global connections and interdependence
|
|
globalisation
|
|
Increasing global links leads to: more _____
|
|
trade
|
|
____ trade
|
|
fair
|
|
_______ (money sent back to family abroad)
|
|
remittances
|
|
____ relief for countries who may not be able to afford to pay back money they have borrowed
|
|
debt
|
|
___ (money sent to developing countries to help them develop)
|
|
aid
|
|
India is in South____
|
|
Asia
|
|
Countries it borders
|
|
China
|
|
|
|
Nepal
|
|
|
|
Bhutan
|
|
|
|
Pakistan
|
|
|
|
Bangladesh
|
|
|
|
Myanmar
|
|
Government policy has led to ______ being of high priority
|
|
education
|
|
Globalisation has led to increased investment from ___s
|
|
TNC
|
|
This is coupled with increasingly ______ labour with a low cost
|
|
skilled
|
|
They all speak _____ which is useful for TNCs
|
|
English
|
|
The government also offers ___ exemptions
|
|
tax
|
|
India is the _____ recipient of aid in history
|
|
biggest
|
|
However, India now _____ much more financial aid than they ______
|
|
sends receive
|
|
The process where services are provided to countries in the west from India
|
|
Outsourcing
|
|
Transport/Communication. India's road network _____ in in size between 1990 and 2012
|
|
doubled
|
|
India has the worlds _____ largest wireless network
|
|
second
|
|
BRICS countries
|
|
Brazil
|
|
|
|
Russia
|
|
|
|
India
|
|
|
|
China
|
|
|
|
South Africa
|
|
A city which is by far the largest in a country
|
|
primate
|
|
The process by which an increasing % of a countries population live in towns or cities
|
|
Urbanisation
|
|
A city with 10 or more million people
|
|
megacity
|
|
Socio- economic causes of urbanisation: the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas
|
|
rural-urban migration
|
|
A factor which encourages people to move into an area
|
|
Pull
|
|
A factor which discourages people from moving into an area
|
|
Push
|
|
The sector of the economy providing services
|
|
tertiary
|
|
The sector of the economy involving manufacturing
|
|
secondary
|
|
The sector of the economy involving the extraction of raw materials
|
|
primary
|
|
Jobs where employees pay taxes
|
|
formal
|
|
They pay pay a ______ and reliable wage
|
|
regular
|
|
Workers have _____ such as sick pay, maternity leave and paid holidays
|
|
rights
|
|
Graph showing how employment in different sectors changes as a country develops
|
|
Clark-Fisher model
|
|
The sector providing high tech services
|
|
quaternary
|
|
Jobs not recognised by the government
|
|
Informal
|
|
The decline of industrial activity in a region or in an economy
|
|
de-industrialisation
|
|
The movement of people and employment from major cities to smaller settlements
|
|
Counter urbanisation
|
|
The outward spread of the built up area
|
|
suburbanisation
|
|
Reviving the economy or environment of a run-down area
|
|
Regeneration
|
|
Factors influencing urban land use: The ___ of the land to buy and build on
|
|
Cost
|
|
Whether you're allowed to build on it/what you're allowed to build on it ___ ___
|
|
Planning regulations
|
|
How easy it is to reach from other areas
|
|
Accessibility
|
|
Whether there's enough land to build what you want to build
|
|
Availability
|
