Definition
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Keyword
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The movement of substances such as oxygen, nutrients, hormones, waste and heart around the body
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Transport
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One in which the blood flows through the heart twice for each circuit of the body
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Double circulatory system
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The enzyme that catalyses the combination of carbon dioxide and water
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Carbonic anhydrase
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One in which the blood flows through the heart once for each circuit of the body
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Single circulatory system
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Vessels that carry blood away from the heart
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Arteries
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One in which the blood is not held in vessels
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Open circulatory system
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The fluid held in the lymphatic system, which is a system of tubes that returns excess tissue fluid to the blood system
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Lymph
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Valves between the atria and the ventricles, which ensure that blood flows in the correct direction
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Atrio-ventricular valves
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One in which the blood is held in vessels
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Closed circulatory system
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Very small blood vessels with very thin walls
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Capillaries
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Small blood vessels that distribute blood from an artery to the capillaries
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Arterioles
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The fluid used to transport materials around the body
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Blood
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Small blood vessels that collect blood from capillaries and lead into the veins
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Venules
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Muslce that can initiate its own contraction
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Myogenic
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The fluid portion of the blood
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Plasma
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The fluid surrounding the cells and tissue
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Tissue fluid
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A trace that records the electrical activity of the heart
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Electrocardiogram
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Vesselos that carry blood back to the heart
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Veins
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A strong attraction
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Affinity
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Specialised muscle found in the walls of the heart chambers
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Cardiac muscle
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The pressure that a fluid exerts when pushing against the sides of a vessel or container
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Hydrostatic pressure
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The compound formed by the buffering action of the haemoglobin as it combines with excess hydrogen ions
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Haemoglobinic acid
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Valves that prevent blood re-entering the heart from the arteries
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Semilunar valves
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Small patch of tissue that sends out waves of electrical excitation at regular intervals in order to initiate contractions
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Sino-atrial node
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Consists of specially adapted muscle fibres that conduct the wave of excitation from the AVN down the septum to the ventricles
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Purkinje fibres
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The sequence of events in one full beat of the heart
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Cardiac cycle
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The movement of chloride ions into the erythrocytes to balance the charge as hydrogencarbonate ions leave the cell
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Chloride shift
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Means releasing the oxygen from the oxyhaemoglobin
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Dissociation
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The red pigment used to transport oxygen in the blood
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Haemoglobin
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The pressure created by the osmotic efects of the solutes
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Oncotic pressure
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The type of haemoglobin usually found only in the fetus
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Fetal haemoglobin
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The effect that extra carbon dioxide has on the haemoglobin, explaining the release of more oxygen
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Bohr effect
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