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1.Mesopotamia
Fertile Crescent
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Egypt
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Arabia
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Asia Minor
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At some points Mesopotamia controlled Egypt, Asia Minor, and Arabia, but it was always located in the Fertile Crescent.
2.Istanbul
Balkans
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Northwest Turkey
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Bosphorus Strait
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Marmara Sea
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Istanbul is partially in the Balkans, but is not located in the Marmara Sea or Northwest Turkey, and is settled on the Bosphorus Strait connecting Anatolia to the Balkans.
3.Suez Canal
Middle East
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Sinai
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Nile Delta
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Nubia
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The Suez is in the Middle East, but more specifically on the Sinai Peninsula, and by no stretch of the imagination on the Nile River Delta or the ancient Nubian kingdom.
4.Montreal
Northwest Canada
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Ontario
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St Lawrence River
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Great Lakes
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Montreal is an island in the St Lawrence River but is not situated in any of the other locations.
5.Nepal
Central Asia
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Himalayas
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Tibet
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Mt. Everest
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Nepal is close but not in Central Asia, it borders Tibet, and Mt Everest is WAY too specific. Therefore, the only reasonable location is the Himalayan mountain range, where it is wedged in.
6.Indonesia
East Indies
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Indochina
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Melanesia
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Sulawesi and Sumatra
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Melanesia is a region in Oceania that excludes Indonesia, Sulawesi and Sumatra are simply two Indonesian islands, and Indochina is a Southeast Asian peninsula. East Indies fits best.
7.Andorra
France
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Pyrenees
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Spain
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Southern Europe
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Andorra is not located in France or Spain but in between them, and while it can be dubbed Southern European, Pyrenees is the most plausible as it is the mountain range that covers the majority of Andorra.
8.Latvia
Baltic Gulf
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South of Scandinavia
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Kola Peninsula
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Baltics
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The Kola Peninsula is in Russia, and while Latvia is technically south of Scandinavia, the Baltics (Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia) fit best. The Baltic Gulf is fictional.
9.Libya
Ancient Egypt
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Maghreb
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West Africa
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Middle East
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Rather than West Africa, the Middle East, and Ancient Egypt, which are all non-fitting for Libya, the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa makes complete sense.
10.Ceuta
Gibraltar
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Iberia
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Balearic Sea
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Western Morocco
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Ceuta is located practically on the Gibraltar Strait, but despite being extremely close to it, is not on Iberia, is in Northern Morocco rather than Western, and is simply not on the Balearic Sea.
11.Aksum Empire
Erythraea
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Along the Red Sea
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Southern Ethiopia
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Horn
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Horn, instead of Horn of Africa, is simply not specific enough. The Aksum Empire was not specifically in South Ethiopia but more of the entire nation, and I just threw Erythraea in there because of the civilization's ties to the Erythraean Sea. (Try saying that ten times.)
12.Timor
Leste
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Malaysia & Co.
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West of the Pacific Ocean
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Indonesian Isles
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Leste means "east" in Portuguese and is sometimes included in East Timor's name. Technically everywhere is west of the Pacific, and Malaysia and Co. makes zero sense. Therefore, the isles of Indonesia is the only reasonable answer.
13.Zealandia
Gone
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New Zealand
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Beneath Polynesia
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Zealand, Denmark
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Listen closely. Zealandia, the sunken "eighth continent," is not gone. It is not located ON the nation of New Zealand, but rather beneath it and a bit of the region it is located in, Polynesia. Zealand, Denmark is obviously incorrect.
14.Rapa Nui
Central Polynesia
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Northern Melanesia
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Off the coast of Chile
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Edge of Polynesia
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Rapa Nui, better known as Easter Island, is not off the coast of Chile. It is 2,182 miles away from the country that owns it. The easternmost island of Polynesia, however, it is.