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Hint
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Answer
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how many members are grassroots members?
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3/18
|
|
national labour governing body
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national executive committee
|
|
who represented in the NEC?
|
trade unions
|
|
.
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party representatives
|
|
.
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CLP
|
|
.
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local councillors
|
|
.
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young labour
|
|
national lib dem governing body
|
federal board
|
|
3 ways to analyse how democratic political parties are
|
picking leaders
|
|
.
|
policy formation
|
|
.
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choosing MPs
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|
(conservatives) what was set up to involve more grassroots participation
|
conservative policy forum 1998
|
|
although its suggestions are only?
|
advisory
|
|
(lib dems) how is policy passed?
|
debated at conference
|
|
(lib dems) regional policies are set at?
|
regional conferences
|
|
(lib dem) reflecting their belief in?
|
federalism
|
|
3 main parties all have a similar ?
|
candidate selection process
|
|
labour pioneered the use of?
|
all women shortlists
|
|
labours NEC was accused of?
|
fast tracking favoured candidates
|
|
who was recently blocked from standing as a labour MP?
|
corbyn
|
|
labour party leadership elections- candidates must secure what backing?
|
10% of labour MPs
|
|
.
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3 affiliates/ 5% constituency parties
|
|
then, party members vote using what?
|
AV
|
|
why was only 1 round needed in 2020?
|
keir starmer won over 50%
|
|
conservative party leadership elections - how do MPs narrow the choice down to 2 candidates
|
vote in a series of ballots
|
|
eg in 2019 how many candidates secured enough support to stand?
|
9
|
|
but only 2 were not eliminated- who?
|
jeremy hunt and boris johnson
|
|
party members then vote to pick the final choice- what proportion of the vote did johnson win by in 2019?
|
2 3rds
|
|
lib dem leadership elections- candidates must secure what backing?
|
10% of lib dem MPs
|
|
.
|
200 members from 20 local parties
|
|
then party memberships vote using?
|
AV
|
|
ed davey won the first round with what percent of the vote?
|
63.5%
|
|
why is letting grassroots members choose problematic?
|
grassroots members = more ideologically extreme than general public
|
|
so candidates that appeal to some party bases but not the masses can be chosen, eg?
|
corbyn
|
|
2 key pieces of legislation that regulate party funding
|
PPERA 2000
|
|
.
|
PPEA 2009
|
|
the first one placed limits on what
|
spend per constituency
|
|
what was it limited to?
|
£30,000
|
|
parties also have to declare?
|
large donations
|
|
which was defined as what in 2020?
|
£7500 (this was updated from £5000, but did not require a new act as ministers can adjust existing bills with secondary legislation)
|
|
second one allowed the electoral commission to?
|
impose fines
|
|
.
|
restrict donations from non uk residents
|
|
.
|
reduce threshold for declaring donations
|
|
most political parties receive funding from?
|
membership subscriptions
|
|
agreed to be the most what way of funding?
|
fairest and transparent
|
|
problem -
|
doesnt generate enough money
|
|
historically majority of labour funding came from?
|
trade unions
|
|
labour was still bankrolled heavily by them under corbyn
|
GMB and Unite gave £3m combined 2019
|
|
historically majority of conservative funding came from?
|
wealthy individuals and businesses
|
|
but recently labour has also enjoyed large donations from individuals, eg
|
bernie ecclestone £1m donation 1997
|
|
smaller parties can also received large donations, eg
|
christopher harbourne £2m brexit party 2019
|
|
what percentage of funding came from individual donations in 2019
|
62%
|
|
example of cash for honours scandal recipient
|
Michael Farmer
|
|
current ways parties can receive state funding?
|
short money (commons)
|
|
.
|
Cranbourne money (lords)
|
|
why do opposition parties recieve this- so they can provide?
|
effective scrutiny
|
|
there should be further state funding
|
less corruption (cant buy political influence, end the dependence on the wealth)
|
|
there should be further state funding
|
efficient (politicians dont have to waste time cosying up to donors or performing favours)
|
|
there should be further state funding
|
fairer (conservative party cannot use their influence with business to raise more money)
|
|
there should be further state funding
|
regulation (easy to regulate as everything controlled by the state)
|
|
there should be further state funding
|
encourage campaigning (parties would be encouraged to raise their vote everywhere not just marginal seats)
|
|
there should be further state funding
|
trade unions (dont have to endorse labour)
|
|
there should not be further state funding
|
taxpayer (state funding comes from taxes, and people shouldnt have to endorse a party they disagree with)
|
|
there should not be further state funding
|
inequality (there would still be inequality in funding as some parties are just bigger)
|
|
there should not be further state funding
|
free market (politics should be viewed as an extension of the free market, and donations should therefore be unregulated provided they are declared)
|
|
there should not be further state funding
|
third parties (would be unfairly affected)
|
|
there should not be further state funding
|
corrupt state (puts too much power in the hands of the state)
|
the relationship between parties and the media strict impartiality rules means parties cant buy what? |
tv ads
|
|
due to the decline of newspapers, much of the media war is now conducted?
|
online
|
|
lib dem total spend of facebooks ads 2019 campaigns
|
1.3m
|
|
labour total spend on facebook ads 2019 campaign
|
1.2m
|
|
conservative total spend on facebook ads 2019 campaigns
|
999,000
|
|
factors that affect parties electoral outcome
|
leadership
|
|
.
|
policy
|
|
.
|
campaign
|
|
.
|
party unity
|
|
.
|
strength of opposition
|
|
.
|
electoral system
|
|
significance of minor parties - nationalist parties have ?
|
strong regional following
|
|
how did the SNP pressure the political agenda?
|
SIR 2014
|
|
northern ireland has its own party system based on?
|
unionist and nationalist divide
|
|
examples of single issue parties
|
green party
|
|
.
|
brexit party
|
|
requirement to be a two party system?
|
80% of vote 90% of seats
|
|
2019 conservative and labour combined percentage of popular vote
|
76%
|
|
combined percentage of seats
|
87%
|
|
yet in 2010, what percent of the vote went to labour and conservative?
|
65%
|
|
ams and stv means there are more parties represented in ?
|
devolved government
|
|
eg NI - how many parties share the seats
|
7
|
|
european elections- how many parties won seats?
|
10
|
|
how many main parties are there in scotland
|
4
|
