Psychologists

German-Born American. Known for his theories on social institutions reflect the universal features of psychosocial development. Created the eight-stage development process and wrote several psychohistories, such as those about Martin Luther and Mahatma Gandhi.

American. Known for "Motivation and Personality" and "Toward a Psychology of Being". Introduced the theories of hierarchy of needs and the need for self-actualization.

American. Created the Idea of six degrees of separation and the lost-letter technique. Remembered for his experiments on obedience to authority. His experiments had to do with giving electric shocks to innocent people.

Swiss. Created the analytic psychology movement and introduced the notion of the collective unconscious. Anima, Animus, Introversion, Extroversion, Archetypes.

Austrian. "The Neurotic Constitution", theorized that people developed inferiority complexes, which turned into the theory of individual psychology.

Austrian. Founded Psychoanalysis (introduced Free-association technique to identify fears and repressed memories). Said many problems were caused by mental states. Separated the Psyche into the id, ego, and superego. Known for "The Interpretation of Dreams" and "The Psychopathology of Everyday Life".

American. Behaviorism. "Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative Psychology". Famous for an experiment conditioning an eleven-month-old boy to be apprehensive of all furry objects by striking a loud bell whenever a furry object was placed in his lap.

Swiss. Developmental Psychology. First person to perform serious studies of how children learn. Famous for theory of four stages of development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational. Known for "The Language and Thought of a Child" and "The Origins of Intelligence in Children".

Russian. Considered as more of a physiologist than a psychologist. Remembered for the idea of conditioned reflex. Won the Nobel Prize in 1904 for the Physiology of Medicine for unrelated work on digestive secretions.

American. "Walden II", "Beyond Freedom and Dignity". Argued that every human action could be understood in terms of physical stimuli and learned responses. Taught animals to perform complicated tasks, including teaching pigeons to play table tennis.