Bottom Up approach

Including Geographical profiling and Investigative psychology

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Last updated: March 1, 2024

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First submitted	March 1, 2024
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Hint	Answer
Geographical profiling	data driven through scrutiny of evidence at the event
	rossmo 1997
	offender behaviour has hunting patterns
	generalising from locations of linked crime scenes the likely operational base of the offender
	offenders prefer to operate in areas they know well
Spatial Consistency	canter and gregory 1994
	have a crime range of as little as 2 miles
Circle Theory	proposes two models of offender behaviour
Marauder	an offender will go from their home base and commit crimes nearby
	try to hide identity
Commuter	an offender will travel a distance from their home base before committing a crime
	dont try to hide identity
Example	peter sutcliffe
Schemas	bartlett 1932
	mental map contains spatial information
	location of crime scenes reflects the mental map

Hint	Answer
	can be used to infer information about them
Evaluation	goodwill and alison 2006
	more useful than timing
	good for all types of crime
	should be combined with other data from the crime scene
	lundrigan and canter
Investigative Psychology	apply statistical procedures to the analysis of crime scene evidence
criminal characteristics	establish patterns of behaviour that are likely to occur across crime scenes
	develop a statistical database which acts as a baseline for comparison
	details of an event are matched against the database
	reveals important details about the offender
	interpersonal coherance
	forensic awareness
Evaluation	must be careful to not be blinded to other possibilities
	wrongful arrest of colin stagg
	wider application