Ways of studying the brain

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Last updated: October 21, 2023

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First submitted	October 4, 2023
Times taken	21
Average score	27.7%
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Hint	Answer
FMRI	functional magnetic resonance imaging
Description	detects changes in blood oxygenation and flow
	an active brain area consumes more oxygen
	produces 3d images which are activation maps
Strengths	non invasive doesnt use radiation 1
	no instruments inserted directly into the brain 1
	virtually risk free so more participants 1
	high spatial resolution 1 to 2mm
Limitations	poor temporal resolution 1 to 4 seconds
	unable to accurately predict the onset of brain activity
	cant hone in on activity of individual neurons
	not a direct measure of neural activity
	expensive
EEG	electroencephalogram
Description	measures electrical activity within the brain via electrodes
	overall account of brain activity
	diagnose epilepsy and sleep disorders
	the scan recording represents the brainwave patterns from millions of neurons
Strengths	non invasive doesnt use radiation 2
	no instruments inserted directly into the brain 2
	virtually risk free so more participants 2
	high temporal resolution 1 millisecond
	cheap
Limitations	lack of precision

Hint	Answer
	cant distinguish where the activity originates from
	difficult to draw conclusions
	uncomfortable for participants
	not representative
ERP	event related potentials
Description	recording of general brain activity
	filters out extraneous brain activity from original eeg recording
	records the types of brain wave triggered by particular events
Strengths	responses which relate to a specific stimulus
	excellent temporal resolution
	can establish cause and effect
Limitations	lack of standardisation in the methodology
	background noise and extraneous variables must be eliminated
Post Mortem Examinations	likely to be used when the person has a rare disorder
	areas of damage are examined to find the cause
	comparison to a neurotypical brain
Strengths	detailed examination of anatomical structure and neurochemical aspects
	can access the hypothalamus and hippocampus which other techniques cant
	insights into deeper brain regions
	used as a basis for future research
Limitations	difficult to establish causation
	extraneous factors may influence brain structure
	ethical issues such as informed consent