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Statistics for You Gotta Know These Jazz Musicians

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Description	Answer	% Correct
A renowned cornet and trumpet player, nicknamed “Satchmo” and “Pops.” they grew up in New Orleans and is among the best-known performers of the Dixieland style of jazz. This musician got early experience playing in bands led by Kid Ory and King Oliver before heading up their own group known as the “Hot Five,” whose members included both Kid Ory and this musician's then-wife, pianist Lil Hardin. The Hot Five’s recording of the track “Heebie Jeebies” features their scat singing, or singing using random, nonsense syllables. This musician was a renowned vocalist as well as instrumentalist, with their recordings of the songs “What a Wonderful World” and “Hello, Dolly!” Their notable instrumental jazz compositions include “Potato Head Blues.”	Louis Armstrong	89%
A trumpeter who developed or influenced the development of cool jazz, modal jazz, hard bop, electronic jazz, and jazz fusion over his long career. Their 1959 modal jazz album Kind of Blue—which he recorded with the members of his First Great Quintet (which generally existed in the later 1950s), including John Coltrane—is widely considered to be the greatest jazz recording of all time. It includes the track “So What.” This musician's Second Great Quintet (1960s) featured Herbie Hancock on piano and Wayne Shorter on sax and formed the core of the group that recorded their album In a Silent Way, which marked this musician's first use of electric instruments and first venture into a more rock-and-roll fusion aesthetic. Their early career was marked by his struggles with heroin addiction. Other notable albums include Sketches of Spain and Birth of the Cool.	Miles Davis	89%
A pianist and bandleader who wrote and recorded some of the most popular jazz standards of all time. This musician often collaborated with arranger Billy Strayhorn, who wrote what would become their signature tune, “Take the ‘A’ Train” (whose title refers to how to travel to Sugar Hill in Harlem). This musician's other compositions that became jazz standards include “It Don’t Mean a Thing (If It Ain’t Got That Swing),” “Mood Indigo,” and “Prelude to a Kiss.” They also performed and popularized works by his band’s members, such as trombonist Juan Tizol’s track “Caravan.” This musician's work as a composer extended beyond his own concert works: he wrote the score for the 1959 film Anatomy of a Murder.	Duke Ellington	86%
Arguably the most influential player of the double bass in the history of jazz. This musician's compositions often feature sections of free improvisation, in which the musicians improvise without any planned chord changes or formal structure. Their 1959 album Ah Um includes their work “Fables of Faubus,” a protest against Arkansas governor Orval Faubus’s resistance to school integration—though Columbia Records refused to allow the lyrics to be included on the album. This musician's other albums include The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady, a single continuous piece originally conceived as a ballet. Near the end of his life, they were diagnosed with ALS, which eventually left them unable to perform in the years before their death.	Charles Mingus	80%
An alto saxophone virtuoso who helped develop the jazz style known as bebop, which generally featured a fast tempo, rapid modulations, and thicker chords than the earlier swing style. This musician was nicknamed “Bird” or “Yardbird”; although the origins of this nickname are disputed, one popular tale involves them cooking and eating a chicken that had been hit by a bus. This musician referenced his nickname in the titles of many of their compositions, such as “Ornithology,” “Yardbird Suite,” and “Bird Gets the Worm.” This musician's recording of their composition “Ko-Ko” features Miles Davis on trumpet; his composition “Blues for Alice” features a chord progression that heavily uses ii-V-I progressions and has become known as the Bird blues or the Bird changes. They died at the age of 34 following a long history of drug and alcohol abuse.	Charlie Parker	80%
A trumpet player who was a leading figure in the development of bebop. This musician notably performed using a trumpet whose bell was bent upwards; according to this musician, their standard trumpet was damaged by someone falling on it in 1953, causing the bell to bend, and he liked the way it changed the instrument’s tone. He was also notable for performing with puffed-out cheeks. This musician's composition “Salt Peanuts” features them yelling the title nonsense scat lyrics during the tune. Their other bebop compositions that became jazz standards include “A Night in Tunisia” and “Groovin’ High.” This musician's 1947 work “Manteca,” which he co-wrote with percussionist Chano Pozo, was a landmark in Afro-Cuban jazz, the first genre of jazz to integrate Latin rhythms and influences.	Dizzy GIllespie	80%
A pianist whose lengthy career helped define the style of cool jazz. For most of their career, this musician led the eponymous (Name of Artist) Quartet; the quartet’s best known lineup, from the late 1950s through the 1960s, included Paul Desmond (sax), Eugene Wright (bass), and Joe Morello (drums). With this lineup, this musician's quartet recorded the landmark 1959 album Time Out, which utilized non-traditional time signatures inspired by the folk music of Eastern Europe and Asia. The album’s best-known track is “Take Five,” a work in 5/4 time written by Paul Desmond. this musician continued to explore unusual time signatures on the follow-up albums Time Further Out (1961) and Time Changes (1964). Their own notable compositions include “Blue Rondo a la Turk,” which subdivides measures of 9/8 time into a “2+2+2+3” grouping.	Dave Brubeck	74%
A saxophonist who was an influential figure in hard bop and modal jazz. They played saxophone on many other musicians’s landmark albums; for example, they were the tenor sax player on Miles Davis’s album Kind of Blue. Their own major albums included Giant Steps, whose title track features chords that move down by major thirds, and a sax solo that led their playing to be described as “sheets of sound.” Their quartet, which usually included pianist McCoy Tyner and drummer Elvin Jones, produced the album My Favorite Things, whose title track is a cover of a song from The Sound of Music. They experienced a religious awakening while overcoming their addiction to heroin; their album A Love Supreme concludes with them “narrating” the words of a devotional poem via their sax playing. Following their death at age 40, they were named a saint of the African Orthodox Church.	John Coltrane	74%
A clarinetist nicknamed the “King of Swing” for his association with the style. This musician made more impact on jazz as a bandleader and performer of the works of others rather than as a composer himself; his orchestra’s signature tune was Louis Prima’s “Sing, Sing, Sing (With a Swing),” best-known from a 1937 recording featuring an extended drum solo by Gene Krupa.This musician led their band in a landmark 1938 concert at New York’s Carnegie Hall, the first time a jazz band had ever played in the venue; the event was widely seen as “legitimizing” jazz as a genre. They did not limit themselves to performing only jazz music: this musician was the clarinet soloist at the premiere of Leonard Bernstein’s work Prelude, Fugue, and Riffs, and they commissioned Aaron Copland’s Clarinet Concerto.	Benny Goodman	69%
A drummer and big band leader renowned for his near-perfect playing technique. This musician did not read music; they learned completely by ear. They did not form their own big band until the mid-1960s; prior to this, they played drums for many of jazz’s other greats, including Count Basie, Charlie Parker, and Artie Shaw. This musician often engaged in “drum battles” with other jazz drummers, most notably Gene Krupa and Max Roach; they also appeared on an episode of the TV series The Muppets to engage in a drum battle with Animal. This musician's recordings with their own big band include the 1968 album Mercy, Mercy (whose title is a reference to the Cannonball Adderley hit “Mercy, Mercy, Mercy”) and the 1975 album Big Band Machine, which included a version of the West Side Story melody that was one of their signature pieces.	Buddy Rich	57%

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