Hint
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Answer
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Government, Dutch-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies
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Dutch East India Company
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A three-way system of trade during 1600-1800s whereby Africa sent slaves to the Americas, the Americas sent raw materials to Europe, and Europe sent guns and rum to Africa in exchange for slaves
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Triangular trade
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Staple crop brought to the New World by Europeans; grew more successfully in Caribbean climates and triggered the growth of the Atlantic Slave Trade
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sugar
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Animal introduced by Europeans that transformed the Indian way of life on the Great Plains
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Horses
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Staple crop brought to the new world by Africans; grown in warmer, wetter climates like the lower 13 colonies and the Caribbean
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Rice
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African kingdom that emerged in the 1700s in present-day Ghana and was active in the slave trade
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Asante Kingdom
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Was in the basin of the Congo river; conglomeration of several village alliances; it participated actively in trade networks; most centralized rule of the early Bantu kingdoms; ruled 14th-17th century until undermined by Portuguese slave traders.
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Kingdom of Kong
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Japanese ruling dynasty that strove to isolate it from foreign influences; sought to limit disruptive economic and cultural effects of European-dominated long-distance trade by adopting restrictive trade policies
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Tokugawa Shogunate
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A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia, but began to restrict trade by the mid 15th century; sought to limit trade with European powers in the Indian Ocean trade networks; accepted silver as the lone currency for trade which led to massive inflation
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Ming Dynasty
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Traders that continued to flourish and thrive in Indian Ocean trade despite the presence of Europeans by the late 15th century
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Omani merchants
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Portuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight the Indian Ocean.
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Bartolomeu Dias
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French colony in North America, with a capital in Quebec, founded 1608; found financial success in the fur trade; New France fell to the British in 1763
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New France
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A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies; known for its horrendous and dehumanizing conditions
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Middle Passage
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Established with Cortes's defeat of the Aztecs in 1521; organized using labor systems like the encomienda that exploited Native American labor; found incredible wealth with the discovery of massive silver deposits
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New Spain
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A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the conquest of Aztec Mexico in 1519-1521 for Spain.
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Hernan Cortes
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Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541).
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Francisco Pizarro
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Powerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors
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Montezuma
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Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru; executed by the Spanish by strangulation
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Atahualpa
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A dramatic change in the economy of Europe at the end of the Middle Ages. It is characterized by an increase in towns and trade, the use of banks and credit, and the establishment of guilds to regulate quality and price.
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Commercial Revolution
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The discovery of rich silver deposits in Bolivia and Japan created new sources of wealth for the Europeans; Spanish America produced 85% of the world's silver and through its trade established the first link between Asia and the Americas; Much silver ended up in China, resulting in inflation for the Ming Dynasty
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Silver Trade
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Located in Bolivia, one of the richest silver mining centers and most populous cities in colonial Spanish America.
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Potosi
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Native American revolt against the Spanish in late 17th century, particularly in modern-day New Mexico against Spanish missionaries; expelled the Spanish for over 10 years; Spain began to take an accommodating approach to Natives after the revolt
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Pueblo Revolt
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Communities formed by escaped slaves in the Caribbean, Latin American. and the United States.
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Maroon Societies
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17th century queen of Ndongo (Angola) who fought off the Portuguese colonizers by pretending to accept Christianity, but actually was partnered with their enemies, the Dutch, and also developed a powerful trade nation instead of waging internal war.
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Ana Nzinga
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An institutional system in the Ottoman Empire; land in exchange for military service; the value of land would be based upon rank and the amount of soldiers provided, not passed on to children
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Timar System
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