Cosmology Review Pt. 1

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Last updated: October 15, 2022

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First submitted	October 13, 2022
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Average score	20.7%
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Hint	Answer
Speed of light (miles)	186,000 m/s
Speed of light (kilometers)	300,000 km/s
Equation for finding speed of light	d=vt
How many official constellations are there?	88
celestial latitude	declination
celestial longitude	right ascension
Where is the prime meridian?	Grenwich
What does an arcsecond measure?	angles
Points at both ends of the celestial rotation axis	north and south celestial poles
Halfway between the celestial poles, perpendicular to the axis	celestial equator
Point above observer's head	zenith
Point below observer's feet	nadir
the path of the Sun among the fixed stars	ecliptic
the 12 constellations the Sun passes through	zodiac
"wandering stars"	planets
where the ecliptic crosses the celestial equator (2x)	vernal and autumnal equinoxes
"equal nights"	equinox
when the Sun is furthest above the celestial equator (2x)	summer and winter solstices
circle which passes through the zenith and nadir	celestial meridian
places where the sun appears at the zenith at noon on the first day of the summer/winter	Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn
days of the week in French	dimanche, lundi, mardi, mercredi, jeudi, vendredi, samedi
months when the Earth is closest (perihelion)/farthest (aphelion) from the Sun	January/July
what insolation (sunlight spreading over the earth) actually means	incoming solar radiation
the original last month in the calendar	February
the angle measured westward along the celestial equator from the local meridian to the hour circle (meridian) of the object	LHA (local hour angle)
the number of days it takes the moon to revolve 360 degrees (also a sidereal period)	27.3
the number of days it takes the moon to line up again with the Sun	2.2
time from one new moon to the next (synodic month)	29.5 days
phases of the moon	new, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent

Hint	Answer
does the moon rotate?	yes
locations of the moon during a solar eclipse	new moon, moon at or near a node
the wobble of the earth as it rotates like a top	precession
intersection of the orbit plane of a celestial body with the plane of the ecliptic	node
the number of years it takes the north celestial pole to travel in a circle (precession)	26,000
number of years it takes the vernal equinox to pass to a new zodiac constellation	2000
the apparent shifting of an object with respect to more distant objects because of the changing of the observer's perspective	parallax
stellar distances to the nearest stars	stellar parallax
the distance from the Earth to the Sun	1AU
parallax equation	d=1/pi
degree of earth's tilt	23.5
system used for angular measurement	sexagesimal system
types of arc (largest to smallest)	degree, minute, second
number of degrees the sun travels in an hour	15
length of a sidereal day	23h56m4s
length of a solar day	24h
area close to the sun	perihelion
area farther away from the sun	aphelion
used by ancient peoples to establish calendars	solstice principle
imaginary sun which moves along the celestial equator rather than the ecliptic and which matches the average motion of the real sun	mean sun
local hour angle of the mean sun +12hrs	local mean solar time (LMST)
when crossing this from east to west add a day, and when crossing from west to east subtract a day	international date line (IDL)
original names of July and August	Quintilis and Sextilis
takes synodic, nodical and anomalistic periods into account to predict the recurrence of an eclipse	Saros cycle
time between successive transits of a celestial object	day
local hour angle of the vernal equinox	local sidereal time (LST)
before the local meridian	ante meridian (AM)
after or past the local meridian	post meridian (PM)
local hour angle of the actual sun +12hrs	local apparent solar time (LAST)

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